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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Weathering produces what?
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1. clasts
2. colloids 3. ions |
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What mechanism turns magma into igneous rock?
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1. volcanism
2. crystallization |
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What causes erosion?
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1. wind
2. water 3. waves 4. ice |
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How does lithification occur?
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1. compaction
2. cementation |
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What mechanisms turn igneous rock into sedimentary rocks (order matters)?
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1. weathering
2. erosion 3. sediment deposition 3. lithification |
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What causes metamorphasis?
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1. heat
2. pressure 3. chemically active fluids |
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What factors determine which mineral is formed?
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1. temperature
2. pressure |
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What's the space between clasts called?
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intersitial space
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Three axes, all same size, 2 in same plane, all perp.
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cubic.
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3 axes. 2 same length. 2 same plane. all perp.
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tetragonal.
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3 axes. none same length. 2 same plane. all perp.
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orthorhombic.
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3 axes. 2 same plane and perp. none same size. 3rd axis not perp.
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monoclinic.
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3 axes. 2 same plane. none same size. none perp.
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triclinic.
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4 axes. 3 same plane. 3 same length. 4th perp.
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hexagonal.
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What's the difference between minerals and mineralloids?
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Minerals have a specific composition and chracteristic crystalline structure.
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What's the criteria for an ionic substitution?
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same size, same charge.
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What's the difference in identifying and classifying crystals.
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structure used to classify.
properties used to identify. |
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What's the first and second most abundant mineral group?
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silicates and oxides.
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What's the net charge on a silicate?
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-4
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How do the outer oxygens in silicates reach stability?
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1. ionic or covalent vonding with other cations.
2. bonding with 2 tetrahedrons at once. |
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What are the two types of isolated tetrahedra?
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1. olivine group.
2. garnet group. |
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What are the single chained tetrahedra called?
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pyroxene.
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Where are pyroxene usually found?
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ocean crust and mantle.
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What't the most important pyroxene?
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Augite.
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What the double chained tetrahedra called?
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amphibole.
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What's the most common amphibole?
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hornblende.
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What are the sheets of tetrahedra called?
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clays and micas.
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Name a sheet tetrahedron.
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muscovite or biotite
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What are common forms of quartz?
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agate, flint, jasper
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What is the most common type of silicate?
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feldspars
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What's coupled substitution and where is it found?
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1. when there are different ranges of two different ions.
2. feldspars. |
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Name the two potassium feldspars and the important characteristic of each.
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1. microcline (highly ordered)
2. orthoclase (partially ordered) |
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Name the two extremes of the plagioclas feldspars?
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1. sodium feldspar- albite
2. calcium feldspar- anorthite |
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Name the three important carbonate minerals.
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1. calcite
2. aragonite 3. dolomite |
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What do the carbonates produce?
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limestone and dolostone
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What is an important phosphate?
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apatite.
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What is an important sulfate?
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gypsum.
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Name the characteristics of sulfides.
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1. ore mineral
2. metallic luster 3. high specific gravity aka heavy |
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Name three common sulfides.
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1. pyrite
2. galena 3. chalcopyrite |
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Name two common oxides.
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1. magnetite
2. hematite |
