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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Natural Hazard
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Natural hazard is a situation, which has the potential to create an event that has an effect on people.
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geologic hazards
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volcanoes
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hydrological hazards
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floods/lake pollution
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climate hazard
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snow, drought, hail, sun
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risk
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Risk has four components – the actual exposure of something of human value to a hazard. With regards to the probability of a hazard occurring.
1. Hazard 2. Exposure 3. Vulnerability – ex. Cape cod is more vulnerable to storms 4. location |
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5 fundemental concepts of natural disasters
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1. Hazards are predictable from scientific evaluation
2. Risk analysis is an important component in our understanding of the effects of hazardous processes. 3. Linkages exist between different natural hazardous well as hazards an the physical environment 4. Hazardous events that previously produced disasters are now producing catastrophes 5. Consequences of hazard can be minimized |
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major components of the earth system
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atmosphere
hydrosphere lithosphere asthenosphere deep mantle outer core inner core |
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atmosphere
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the area where we have all our gas and oxygen
i. Lots of climate happens in the atmosphere |
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hyrdosphere
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our oceans and our landlocked water
i. Interacts with the atmosphere to create climate |
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how can we use seismic waves to understand the structure of the earths surface
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Seismic waves all move at separate speeds than eachother. They also change speed depending on what they are travelling through.
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list seismic waves in order from fast to slow
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p, s, surface
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mid ocena ridges mechanism of plate tectonic
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At midocean ridges new crust is continuously added to the edges of lithosphere. It is destroyed along other plate edges at subduction zones
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earthquakes force/stress
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At any fault line, the lithosphere is moving either against its self or down into the asthenosphere. The plates moving against each other creates friction which in turn creates stress. When this stress needs to be released rocks break and energy is released in the form of earthquakes.
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Transform boundary
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plate’s slide horizontally past each other
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Divergent boundary
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plates move apart and create new lithosphere – mid atlantic ridge
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Convergent boundary
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plates collide and one is pulled into the mantle and recycled. Ex.
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The richter scale
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the amplitude of ground motion. A change in magnitude of 1 is a 10-fold increase in ground displacement and 32-fold increase in energy
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Mercalli
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– a 12 division scale based on the severity measurement of damages and ground movement
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Earthquakes material amplification
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Underground wells and lakes amplify the severity of an earthquake. And example is mexico city
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liquefaction
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Liquefaction is common in 5.5 M earthquakes. When there is strong shaking in deposits less than about 10,00 years old
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