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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pace of urbanisation |
Hrbanisation is rapidly increasing fir the first time in 2008 over half of the worls population lived in urban areas |
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Causes of urbanisation |
Out migration of young people In search of... Better healthcare More services Jobs Housing |
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CBD |
Main transport links here Important buildings - law Religious buildings Expensive land Little accomodation |
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Rural urban fringe |
Located on the edge of the city Green belt Both farms and industry Ideal housing Large but few houses Gardens Golf Major transport |
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Suburbs |
Inner suburbs: Gardens Built during inter war period to compensate for urban sprawl People commute Outer suburbs: Lager detached housing Schools Parks Industrial parks |
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Inner city |
Zone of regeneration Used to be damp, unhygenic, crowded Now in high demand, modern and easy access to city centre. |
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Characteristics of a squatter settlement |
Illegally built in and around city centres Overcrowded - the favela in Rio has over 100,000 inhabitants. Diseases Lacking basic amenities Littered Dangerous Unplanned Few open spaces |
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Effect on lives of people living in a squatter settlement |
Mo privacy Scared No quakity of life for kids Dangerous- no security Duseased |
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Attempts by inhabitants to improve situation |
Residents aim to improve their situation by changing the temproary materials for more solid and permanent ones They obtain and collect the water The tap into nearby electricity sorces |
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Self help |
This is less formal Local authorites support the residents in improvements Give grants for new building, better healthcare Get ownership of the lamd |
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Site and service |
More formal Land is identified Infrastructure laid in advance - water,electricity Eg Cairo the 10th Ramadam city was built to reduce pressure |
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Locat authority schemes |
Funded by the government Improving temporary accomodation In Rio $120 million was spent on improving lives of people |
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Problems in waste disposal |
No regulations in some countries Sao Pualo in Brazil has 7500 tonnes of waste a day Shanghai creates 30,000 tonnes waste a day Recycling Feed animals Effective human waste disposal Sent to less clustered countries |
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Air pollution |
Industry produces massive amounts of c02 about 70% Vehicles produce toxic gases In Bhopal 3000 were killed by gas |
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Air pollution solution |
Low sulphur coal Carbon tax Alternate source of industry |
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water pollution |
Industry effluent and fertilisers wash into the water In Shanghai Huang Pu river 4 million m3 human waste was pumped into river |
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Water pollution solution |
1998 ganges plan Bank loans of £200 million Grants, charities |
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E Waste |
Computer waste In India 4.5 million computers are thrown awha They areboiled or crushed to extract valuable metals but this causes air pollution |
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E waste solutions |
Recycling plants Enforcement order |
