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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What changes happened from Georgianization and during what time period?
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Real change about 1700 in N America, Georgianization. (1700-1750s) Buildings go from assymetrical to symmetrical, Renaissance principles of balance, classical architectural elements like arches, pediments
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What building is the earliest mature example of Georgian architecture? Give the name, location, and year of the building. What makes the building a mature example of Geirgian architecture?
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Wren Building, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg VA 1695.
Doorway in center, large rectangles, and planar. |
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What are Quoines?
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Units of cut stone or brick used to accentuate the vertical corners of building.
stone buildings, corners interlock to make a strong corner, interlocking motif |
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What is a Central Hall Plan for a building?
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main entrance leads to main hallway that leads to all rooms in the house
No longer walk right into parlor, intermediate space, high status, dining rooms emerge Strict symmtery, every class starts to build similar houses |
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What is a Georgian Plan for a building?
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House that has 4 rooms, divided by a central hall
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What is an i-house? Where are many of them located? Who often lived in these types of houses?
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central plan, 2 rooms, one room deep, two stories (many in South up the Mississipi)
Became the farm house of choice through the 1800s |
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Who is Andrea Palladio?
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Fonder of Palladian architecture, designed villas in northern Italy.
Work was well studied, established building forms |
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Describe the Villa Rotunda in Vicenza, Italy built 1567-70.
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Highly symmetrical, Ionic columns spanning 4 temple entrances, circular hub and sub entrances
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Describe Five Part Palladian Plan.
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House in 5 sections: main block, 2 passages leading to 2 end wings
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What did Lord Burlington and William Kent do?
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They revived Andrea Palladio’s work in 18th-cen architecture
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Describe the Chiswick House near London that was built in 1725.
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Inspired by Andrea Palladio, central home with portico, stairwell entrance and built around a rotunda
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Describe Holkham Hall in Norfolk, VA built in 1734. Who lived there?
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Five part Palladian plan, Lord Burlington’s home, recessed hall as 2 parts enclosed, columned entrance.
Window with two sides and arched central panes – **Palladian window |
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Describe the John Ariss homes in Mount Airy, Richmond VA built in1758-62.
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Five part Palladian houses became American favorite of plantations.
Main house, curved halways out to two rear side buildings for slaves |
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What was the Grand Tour?
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tour for wealthy around major European centers (London, Paris, Rome) to visit landmarks and buildings; also new archeological digs of Pompeii, etc.
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Describe Mount Pleasant in Philadelphia, PA built in 1761.
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Palladian plan, Palladian window at center, symmetry extends to fake doors in opposite walls!
Stucco coated to create contrast with corner brick quoines elements |
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What is Neoclassicism?
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Roman revival, forms become longer, thinner, more intricate; interest in ornament, fine detail
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Who is Robert Adam?
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Robert Adam was a Scottish neoclassical architect, interior designer and furniture designer.
Travelled through Ancient World, most influential Neoclassicist architect Known more for interiors |
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Describe the Syon House alterations in Middlesex, England from 1709-1769.
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Elliptical, circular structures in the center around external rooms Central room with marble columns with gold Ionic capitals, intricate interior
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Describe the John Gardner Pingree House in Salem MA built in 1805. Who built it?
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Samuel McIntire built, attenuated columns at entrance
Interior plain walls with ornamental mantle, columns in inter-room openings. Unusual room shapes in the Octagon, round atrium with rectangle offshoot rooms and triangular spaces in between. |
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Describe the Boston and Philadelphia City Plans?
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City Plans: Boston very organic, based on topography and major roads with ports Philidelphia plan by William Penn built plan on grid with a city center, 4 equidistant parks
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What did Charles Pierre L'efant plan for Washington, D.C. in 1791?
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Built on a model of French gardens (Versailles), nodes throughout, radiated from these points
(RADIAL PLAN), main boulevards based on these nodes with city grid between; Capitol, garden space (Washington Mall) |
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Describe Thomas Jefferson's home, Monticello, in Charlottesville, Virginia in 1771. What did Jefferson do to it?
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Elevation- frontal view without perspective drawing Two story portico with Palladian Plan, working plantation with domed side pavilions Comes back after France to redo; tears down and doubles size with new design
Octagonal dome, Neoclassicism, appears smaller than it is, 2 stories hidden under depressions Bed situated between study and bedroom! |
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What did Jefferson do with the Virginia State Capitol?
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When he returns as ambassador in Paris, influenced by Maison Carre in Nimes
Ionic columns with slanted roof and main building housing all 3 branches of gov’t Jefferson rejects British taste, still popular in early America Looks at Palladio (French Neoclassicism), Roman sources |
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What did Jefferson do with the University of Virginia?
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Complex of building organized around central lawn, lined w/ 5 pavilions each
The Rotunda, library and admin building in the back central area, based on Pantheon Imagined as an “academical village”, a place where students could meet, with private gardens Architecture buildings use all 3 styles of columns, teaches students about these orders |
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What is Versailles?
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Versailles, is a royal château in Versailles, the Île-de-France region of France. In French, it is known as the Château de Versailles.
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What are rond-points?
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A circular or semi-circular roundabouts with a kiosk (statute or fountain) in the middle with streets sprawling out from the center of the kiosk like spokes.
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What is Jefferson's Academical Village?
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Jefferson's original architectural design of the University of Virginia revolves around the "Academical Village", and that name remains in use today to describe both the specific area of The Lawn, a grand, terraced green space surrounded by residential and academic buildings, the gardens, The Range, and the larger University surrounding it. The principal building of the design, The Rotunda (RotundaCam), stands at the north end of the Lawn, and is the most recognizable symbol of the University. It is half the height and width of the Pantheon in Rome, which was the primary inspiration for the building. The Lawn and the Rotunda were the model for many similar designs of "centralized green areas" at universities across the country.
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