George Washington 1789-97

Front 1

French and Indian War

Back 1

first service in the military at the age of 21

Front 2

Revolutionary War

Back 2

named commander of the Continental Armies at the Second Continental Congress

Front 3

First Term

Back 3

elected 1789 by unanimous vote of the Electoral College due to prestige

Front 4

Judiciary Act

Back 4

1789 law that established the Supreme Court, District and Circuit Courts, and Attorney General

Front 5

John Jay

Back 5

first Chief Justice under Judiciary Act

Front 6

10 Percent Tariff

Back 6

tariff pushed by Alexander Hamilton that created duties at or below 10% to raise revenue and protect manufacturing

Front 7

Sale of Public Lands

Back 7

policy pushed by Hamilton that sold lands in bulk at prices only speculators could afford to raise revenue

Front 8

Excise Tax

Back 8

tax pushed by Hamilton on items like whiskey; controversial

Front 9

Whiskey Rebellion

Back 9

1794 rebellion in which Pennsylvanian farmers revolted against the excise tax but were put down by Washington with 15,000 soldiers

Front 10

First Bank of the United States

Back 10

financial institution proposed by Hamilton, created sharp divide between Federalists and Anti-Federalists

Front 11

Federalists

Back 11

party that followed a LOOSE construction of the Constitution and SUPPORTED the bank
formed from pro-Constitution and northern manufacturing/businesses
pro-English/neutrality
lead by HAMILTON

Front 12

Republicans

Back 12

party that followed a STRICT construction of the Constitution and OPPOSED the bank
formed from pro-Bill of Rights and agrarian in West + South
pro-French (but not militarily)
lead by JEFFERSON

Front 13

Funding the Debt

Back 13

Hamilton's idea of combining the $45 million domestic debt with the $12 million foreign debt by issuing new bonds in exchange for the original bonds
meant to ESTABLISH US CREDIT

Front 14

Depression of the Middle 1780s

Back 14

economic depression in which farmers and lower-class bondholders had to sell bonds to richer people, who benefitted from Hamilton's funding plan

Front 15

Assumption Bill

Back 15

Hamilton's policy that the fed. gov't would pay off the debts incurred by state governments during the Rev. War; CONTROVERSIAL because the South had already paid, but North hadn't

Front 16

Logrolling the Assumption Bill

Back 16

Jefferson agreed to get the Republicans to support the Assumption Bill in exchange for Federalist support for capital in DC

Front 17

Citizen Genet

Back 17

French delegate who traveled to the US in 1793 to seek US aid against Britain + Spain under the Treaty of Alliance of 1778

Front 18

Neutrality Proclamation

Back 18

Washington's response to Citizen Genet, in which he refused to aid the French militarily

Front 19

Jay's Treaty

Back 19

1795 to avoid war with England, Washington ratified this unpopular treaty in which the British agreed to leave the Northwest territory and allow LIMITED trade in the West Indies

Front 20

Pinckney's (San Lorenzo) Treaty

Back 20

1795 treaty with France that gave the US access to the Mississippi River, made the 31st parallel the southern boundary, and let the US use New Orleans

Front 21

Farewell Adress

Back 21

1796, after setting the TWO-TERM precedent, Washington warned against foreign entanglements and political partisanship