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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
In situ decomposition of rocks and minerals
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Weathering
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Transport of weathered material
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Erosion
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most important factor that determines type of weathering
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Climate
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Two main types of weathering
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Physical and Chemical
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disintegration of rock without chemical changes
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Physical weathering
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chemical changes to the composition of a rock
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Chemical weathering
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8 types of physical weathering
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Unloading, Freezing and Thawing, Hydrofracture, Crystal Growth, Thermal expansion and contraction, Wetting and Drying, Organic Activity, Gravitational impact
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Under forty have caught the wind of gas
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disintegration of rock from changes in volume associated with pressure changes as the rock moves to the surface
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unloading
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Formed from unloading
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Sheeting joints and exfoliation domes
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large mound of granite
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exfoliation dome
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water seeping into rock and freezing expands 93%
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Freezing and Thawing
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formed by freeze, thaw and rock falls
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Talus
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Water pushed through rock by freezing water near the surface.
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Hydrofracturing
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block fields/ broken up boulders and cobbles
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Felsenmeres
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water percolating into rock and material, when it evaporates, crystals form
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Crystal Growth
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repeated heating and cooling
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thermal expansion and contraction
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WEtting and drying, shale disintegrates
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pedestal rocks
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mud stick to rock edge, after drying it pulls off rock grain
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colloidal plucking
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importance for chemical weathering
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surface area and water
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disruption of mineral in water into consistent ions and molecules
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dissolution
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largest cave in gypsum
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alabaster caverns, ok
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mineral loses electron to oxygen
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oxidation
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mineral gains electron
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reduction
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substituting one element for another without changing mineral structure
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ion exchange
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least mobile to most mobile elements
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Ca, NA, Mg, K, Si, T, Fe, Al
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chemical addition of H+ and OH- ions into structure of mineral to create a new mineral
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hydrolysis
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organic rings pluck off metal ions
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chelation
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mineral containing K, Na, Ca, Mg are changed to some sort of CaCO3 by cation of carbonic acids
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Carbonization
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addition of water into mineral structure to form a new mineral
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hydration
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formed from hydration
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anhydrite
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6 types of chemical weathering
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dissolution, oxydation/reduction, ion exchange, hydrolysis, carbonization, hydration
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did ogner investigate his cats hiney?
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9 controls of weathering
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availability of water, temp, pressure, circulation of water, parent material, vegetation, topography, aspect, time
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Always take constant pissing vacuums at table
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5 dependents of weathering rates
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parent material, climate, vegetation, topography, time
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pat can vacation to tahiti
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product of granular disintegration
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grus
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weathering of angular edges into rounded edges.
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spheroidal weathering
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bold, isolated outcrop that rises drastically from the ground and can be meters high
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tors
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caused by hydrolisis, honeycomb structure on side of cliffs
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cavernous weathering
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large scale tors
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inselburg
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broken up pieces of rock
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regolith
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ancient soil
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paleosol
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once stress is released it is turned back to original shape
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elastic
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once stress is released, it remains deformed
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plastic
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behaves like a fluid
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viscous
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point which a material no longer behaves elastically
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elastic limit
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amount of force required to cause failure
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strength
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breaking in direction to force
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shear strenth
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breaking on perpendicular plane
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tensile strenght
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collapsing in on itself
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compressive strength
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mechanical resistance to relative motion of adjacent masses
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friction
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slow and steady continuous plastic deformation
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crepe
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resistance to movement of 2 masses separated by a well defined plane
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sliding friction
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friction between internal grains
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internal friction
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shear strength not associated with inner particle strength
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cohesion
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porosity filled with water exerts pressure
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fluid pressure
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water dissolves minerals and transports them
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siddolution
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movement of material on the top of water
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floatation
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velocity keeping objects from settling
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suspension
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types of streams
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straight, anastomosing, braided, meandering
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types of streams
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straight, anastomosing, braided, meandering
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river flows with the slope of the land
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consequent streams
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have no preferred direction
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insequent streams
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river flows with the slope of the land
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consequent streams
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selective headward erosion following courses along weakness
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subsequent streams
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have no preferred direction
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insequent streams
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selective headward erosion following courses along weakness
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subsequent streams
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originally consequent stream, but has been modified to flow opposite direction
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obsequent streams
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originally consequent stream, but has been modified to flow opposite direction
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obsequent streams
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obsequent stream flowing at original direction but at a lower level
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resequent
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obsequent stream flowing at original direction but at a lower level
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resequent
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types of drainage patterns
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dendritic, trellis, rectangular, radial, centripetal
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types of drainage patterns
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dendritic, trellis, rectangular, radial, centripetal
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a leading edge of incision observed as a waterfall
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knickpoint
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a leading edge of incision observed as a waterfall
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knickpoint
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drainage divide shifts so that one river's drainage captures another
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abstraction
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drainage divide shifts so that one river's drainage captures another
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abstraction
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tributary captures the original, trunk stream
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autocapture
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old valley that is left high and dry due to stream capture
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wind-gap
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tributary captures the original, trunk stream
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autocapture
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one meandering stream meanders into another
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intercision
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old valley that is left high and dry due to stream capture
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wind-gap
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gently sloping, concave upward graded surface of erosion that cuts across rocks of varying resistance mantled with a thing veneer of alluvium
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pediment
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one meandering stream meanders into another
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intercision
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gently sloping, concave upward graded surface of erosion that cuts across rocks of varying resistance mantled with a thing veneer of alluvium
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pediment
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