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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a mineral?
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a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
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What does is mean to be inorganic?
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Something that did not arouse from living things.
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What is a crystal?
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A substance who's particles line up in a pattern that repeats over and over again.
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What is an element?
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A substance composed of a single kind of atom.
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What is a compound?
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Two or more elements combined so that the elements no longer have distinct properties.
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What are properties of a mineral?
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hardness, color, streak, luster, density, crystal systems, cleavage, fracture, and special properties
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What is the property cleavage?
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a mineral that splits easily along a flat surface
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What is the characteristic type fracture?
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describes how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way.
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What is the property known as flourescence?
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minerals that glow under ultra-violet light
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What are the two ways the minerals can form?
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-through crystallization of melted materials
-through crystallization of materials dissolved in water |
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What is a solution?
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a mixture in which one substance dissolves in another.
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What is a vein?
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a narrow slab of a mineral that is sharply different from the surrounding rock.
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What is a gemstone?
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a hard, colorful mineral that has a brilliant or glassy luster.
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What is ore?
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a rock that contains a metal or economically useful mineral
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What are the three types of mines?
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-strip mines
-open pit mines -shaft mines |
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What is an alloy?
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a solid mixture of two or more metals
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What do scientists observe when studying a rock sample to classify it?
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-color
-texture -mineral composition |
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What is a rock's texture?
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the look and feel of the rock's surface
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What is a grain?
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a particle of mineral or other rock that gives rock its texture
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What are the three major groups of rocks?
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-igneous
-sedimentary -metamorphic |
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What is an igneous rock?
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forms from the cooling of molten rock
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What is a sedimentary rock?
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forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
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What is a metamorphic rock?
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formed when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
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What is an extrusive rock?
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an igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface
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What is an intrusive rock?
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an igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath Earth's surface
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What is porphyritic texture?
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a rock with large crystals scattered of a background of much smaller crystals
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What is a sediment?
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small, solid pieces or material that come from rocks or living things
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What is deposition?
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the process in which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it.
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What is compaction?
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the process that presses sediments together
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What is cementation?
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the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together
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What are the three major groups of sedimentary rocks?
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-clastic
-organic -chemical |
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What is a clastic rock?
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a sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together
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What is a chemical rock?
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forms when minerals dissolved in a solution crytallize
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What are organic rocks?
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forms where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
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