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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Minerals
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naturally occurring, solid, chemical compounds with crystalline structures
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8 most abundant elements
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Oh s*i*, all feet carry nasty kangaroo maggots
oxygen silicon aluminum iron calcium sodium potassium magnesium |
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ion
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charged atom
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cation
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positively charged ion
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anion
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negatively charged ion
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____ are bounded to ____
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cations, anions
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Common ionic states
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-2, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2
oxygen: -2 silicon: +4 aluminum: +3 iron: +2 calcium: +2 sodium: +1 potassium: +1 magnesium: +2 |
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coordination number (definition)
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the number of anions surrounding a cation
the number of anions that are a cations closest neighbors |
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Larger ionic radii = ?
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higher coordination number
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Common coordination numbers for the common cations
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4: SIlly ALlergies;
6: I'm ALlergic toFEet & MaGgots; 8: CArried by NAsty Kangaroos; 12: yes, KANGAROOS! 4: Silicon and Aluminum 6: Aluminum and Iron and Magnesium 8: Calcium and Sodium and Potassium 12: Potassium (oxygen is an anion, charge of -2) silicon: 4 aluminum: 4 or 6 iron: 6 calcium: 8 sodium: 8 potassium: 8 or 12 magnesium: 6 |
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crystalline solids
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ordered, symmetrical arrangements of atoms
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non-crystalline solids
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amorphous solids; lacks long range order of atoms
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silicate minerals (definition)
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minerals that contain oxygen and silicon
oxygen and silicon are most abundant elements Si-O bond is the strongest in minerals |
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Most of the crust is composed of
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silicate minerals
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silicon tetrahedron
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silicon ion is so small that usually only 4 oxygen ions can fit around it
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basic building block
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silicon tetrahedron
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different arrangements of _________ give rise to ________
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silica tetrahedra, structural classes
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5 structural classes determined by arrangement of silica tetrahedra
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1) independent tetrahedra
2) single chain silicates 3) double chain silicates 4) sheet silicates 5) framework silicates |
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Most common silicate minerals (8) & their structure
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O P A B M A P Q
OPA, Bring Me A Puppy, Quick!! 1, 1, 1, 2, 3 Olivines - Independent Tetrahedra Pyroxenes - Single chain silicates Amphiboles - Double chain silicates Biotite Mica - Sheet silicates Muscovite Mica - Sheet silicates Alkali Feldspars - framework silicates Plagioclase Feldspars - framework silicates Quartz - framework silicates |
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Olivine structure
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Cations: Magnesium and Iron
Independent Tetrahedra |
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Pyroxene structure
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Cations: Magnesium and Iron
Single Chain silicate |
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Amphibole structure
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Double chain silicate
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Biotitie mica structure
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Sheet silicates
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Muscovite mica structure
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Sheet silicates
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Alkali feldspars structure
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Framework silicates
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Plagiocase feldspars structure
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Framework silicates
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quartz structure
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Framework silicates
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Pairs of elements that commonly substitute for another in silicates
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Same coordination number!!!!!!!!
Si and Al Mg and Fe and Al Na and K Na and Ca Silly Allergies I'm allergic to feet and maggots carried by nasty kangaroos yes, kangaroos! |
