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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Strike
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-perpendicular to the direction of the dip
-direction of line of intersection |
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Dip
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-angle at which a rock layer or fault is inclined from the horizontal
-at a right angle to the strike |
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tension
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-pulls a rock body apart
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Compression
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-pushes a rock body inwards
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Shear
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-when two adjacent parts of a rock body slide agaisnt each other
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Brittle Deformaton
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fractures (faults)
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Ductile Deformation
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does not fracture (folds)
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Anticline
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-formed by upfolding or arching of rock layers
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sycline
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-formed by downfolding of rock layers
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Faults
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-fractures in the crust upon which displacement has taken place
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Normal Faults
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- steep dips of about 60%
-flatten out with depth -ex:dip slip fault -hanging wall moves down relative to foot wall |
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Reverse Faults
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-dips greater than 45%
-horizontal shortening of the crust -hanging wall moves up relative to foot wall |
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Thrust Faults
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-dips less than 45%
-horizontal shortening of the crust |
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Plunging anticline or syncline
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- when the axis of the fold penetrates into the ground
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Domes
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- a circular or elongated sturcutre caused by upwarping
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Basins
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-similar to a dome, but caused by downwarping
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Dip Slip Faults vs. Strike Slip Faults
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dip slip-vertical
strike slip- lateral or horizontal |
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Black Hills, South Dakota
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Structural Basin
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San Andreas Fault
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long, linear valleys
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Grabens
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flat, sediment filled valleys
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Horsts
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abruptly rising bedrock ranges
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