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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brittle |
Breaks off after stress removed. (low temp+ pressure) |
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Ductile |
Bent. (High temp + pressure) |
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Brittle Behavior |
Faults and Joints (Near the surface) |
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Ductile Behavior |
Folds |
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Anticline |
Upward arching fold. "A" |
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Syncline |
Downward arching fold |
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Hingline |
Axis of a fold, |
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Axial Plane |
Plane through hinglines of a fold. Divides fold into two limbs. |
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Dome |
Bed dips away from central point. Oldest formation in center. (anticline) |
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Basins |
Bed dips toward central point, oldest formation in center. (anticline) |
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Joints |
Fractures where displacement has not occurred. |
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Fault |
Fractures where displacement has occurred. |
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Dip-Slip |
Movement parallel (vertical) to the dip of the fault plane. |
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Strike-Slip |
Horizontal and parallel to the strike of the fault plane. |
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Oblique Slip |
Movement with both vertical and horizontal components. |
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Normal Fault |
Hanging wall block has moved down relative to footwall block due to tensional stress. (Divergent) |
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Reversed Fault |
Footwall moves up relative to hangingwall (Divergent) |
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Thrust Fault |
Reverse fault with dip angles less than 30 degrees horizontal |
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Graben |
Fault block bounded by normal faults that drop down. ___ ___ ` \____/ |
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Horst |
Opposite of Graben ____ ___/ \___ |
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Reverse Fault |
Convergent, compression |
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Normal Fault |
Divergent, tension |
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Strike-Slip |
Transform, shear |
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Elastic Rebound Theory |
Earthquakes are a sudden release of strain stored in rocks that bend until they break. |
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Focus (Hypocenter) |
Where the slip initiates. (true location of earthquake) |
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Epicenter |
Surface directly above focus. |
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Body Waves |
Travel through Earth |
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P-waves |
Compressional, travel through rock faster, magma slower |
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S-waves |
Shear waves, travel through solids only |
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Love Waves |
Horizontal shift of Earth during earthquakes |
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Rayleigh Waves |
Surface waves that travel as ripples |
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Mercalli Intensity Scale |
No mathematical scale |
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Richter Magnitude |
based on greatest amplitude of earthquake |
