Geology: Plate Tectonics/geochem Cycle

Front 1

allopatric speciation

Back 1

new species from isolation of a small population that becomes genetically distince from its parent species

Front 2

phyletic gradualism

Back 2

slow accumulation of minor changes bringing about a trasition from a parent species to its descendant species

Front 3

puctuated equilibrium

Back 3

rapid bursts of change followed by long periods of little or no change

Front 4

convergent evolution

Back 4

similar morphology developed by distantly-related groups; usually by adaptation to similar environments

Front 5

parallel evolution

Back 5

aka iterative evolution
similar morphology developed by closely-related groups

Front 6

NAME the evolutionary trends

Back 6

increasing/decreasing size
reduction in number
increasing complexity

Front 7

mosaic evolution

Back 7

different rates of change for different body parts
--archaeopteryx (bird; gets feathers but still a dinosaur)

Front 8

living fossils

Back 8

groups exhibiting little change
--lingula

Front 9

paleomagnetics

Back 9

declination and inclination of polar bar in center of Earth; responsible for the reversed polarity of earth (apparent polar wandering)

Front 10

NAME the seven major plates and seven minor plates

Back 10

MAJOR PLATES: North America, South America, Indian, Australian, Eurasian, African, Antarctic
MINOR PLATES: Nazca, Cocos, Juan de Fuca, Philippine, Arabian, Caribbean, Scotian

Front 11

NAME the types of plate motion (three)

Back 11

1. divergent (seafloor spreading/normal faults)
2. convergent (subduction/thrust faults)
3. lateral (transform/strike-slip faults)

Front 12

fluxes

Back 12

movement of chemical materials from one reservoir to another
--source (origional reservoir)
--sink (recieving reservoir)

Front 13

1st Order Cycle

Back 13

1. water evaporates from ocean into atmosphere
2. atmosphere moves water over land
3. precipitation occurs: water into glacier/ groundwater/lakes and streams/land plant reservoirs
4. water returned to ocean by rivers/groundwater flow

Front 14

2nd Order Cycle

Back 14

1. water transpires from land plants/evaporates from lakes and rivers into atmosphere
2. precipitation on ocean and land
--> interacts with rock cycle!!!
chemcially reacts with igneous and metamporhic rocks= creates sediments!
water erodes/transfers sediments (that are created)!

Front 15

Photosynthesis-Respiration Cycle

Back 15

PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
CO2 + H20 + inorganic N and P + SUNLIGHT = CH20 + inorganic compounds of N and P + O2

RESPIRATION:
CH2O + inorganic compounds with N and P + O2 = CO2 + H2O + inorganic N and P + ENERGY (for metabolism)