Geology Minerals

Front 1

Rock

Back 1

Solid accumulation of one of more minerals

Front 2

Mineral

Back 2

inorganic substance composed of elements

Front 3

Element

Back 3

Chemical substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Front 4

Four characteristics of minerals

Back 4

solid, natural, inorganic, same chemical composition, same internal structure

Front 5

lithosphere

Back 5

earth's crust and upper mantle

Front 6

What is the elements in the lithosphere

Back 6

oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron

Front 7

Common rock-forming materials

Back 7

Mica, Olivine, Calcite, Quartz

Front 8

Why is colour not a good indicator

Back 8

Many minerals have same colour and many minerals have many colours

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Lustre

Back 9

how a mineral reflects light

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Cleavage

Back 10

The ability of a mineral to break along flat planes

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Fracture

Back 11

If a mineral breaks smoothly, but not along a flat surface

Front 12

Streak

Back 12

colour of powder left by dragging a mineral across an streak plate

Front 13

hardness of common items

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2.5 - finger nail

3.5 - penny

4.5 - wire nail

5.5 - glass

6.5 - streak plate

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Density

Back 14

how heavy a mineral feels

Front 15

Heft

Back 15

Testing if a mineral feels heavier than it looks

Front 16

Other ways to test a mineral

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Taste (salty = halite), Acid (Fizz), Magnetism (magnetite), Fluorescence, Double Refraction

Front 17

Silicates

Back 17

Combination of the elements silicon and oxygen, Quartz

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Ferromagnesian Silicates

Back 18

silicates containing elements Fe and Mg, Olive pyrocenes biotite

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Carbonates

Back 19

An element combined with Oxygen, hermatite and magnetite

Front 20

Sulfides

Back 20

A metallic element combined with sulfur, galena, used in production of lead and sulfur

Front 21

sulfates

Back 21

gypsum, used to make dry wall for construction

Front 22

Halides

Back 22

NaCl, compounds containing halogen elements Cl and F

Front 23

Native Elements

Back 23

rare, Diamond gold silver

Front 24

Solution

Back 24

A mixed fluid that contains metals

Front 25

Vein

Back 25

A layer of ore (mineral of value) between layers or rock

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Where do Minerals come from?

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Crystallization of melted materials (as magma cools, crystals form) and Crystallization of materials dissolved in water (evaporation of water and Black Smokers/hydrothermal vents)

Front 27

What does Bowen's Reaction Series tell us?

Back 27

Sequence of crystallization from a silicate melt

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Ore

Back 28

Rock worth mining

Front 29

Uses of Calcopyrite

Back 29

Copper

Front 30

Uses of galena

Back 30

(lead) plumbing

Front 31

Uses of Sphalerite

Back 31

(zinc) construction, sunscreen

Front 32

Uses of molybdenite

Back 32

Steel processing, knifes

Front 33

Uses of gypsum

Back 33

construction (dry wall)

Front 34

Uses of limestone

Back 34

fertilizer, concrete

Front 35

Where are useful/valuable minerals found?

Back 35

Placer Deposits (slower parts of the stream), Hydrothermal Vein Deposits (Areas surrounding the black smokers)

Front 36

What causes mineral deposits to develop?

Back 36

Magma heating ground water, weathering and erosion of mineral-bearing areas, chemical processes

Front 37

Name 3 fossil fuels

Back 37

oil, gas, coal

Front 38

How does Coal form?

Back 38

tropical swamps die, get buried, and chemically change

Front 39

How does Oil and Gas form?

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Ancient Ocean might grow organisms, die and get buried, and changes chemically

Front 40

How is oil and gas stored underground?

Back 40

Gaps and pore spaces between sediments

Front 41

What are some factors which determine whether a resource is economically feasible to extract?

Back 41

environmental concerns, safety concerns, concentration too low, too far from market, land right concerns