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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define a mineral.
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naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystal structure
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what are minerals composed of?
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atoms
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What determines the mineral's characteristic?
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how the atoms align themselves
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Approx. how many minerals have been identified?
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2500
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About how many common minerals are found in rocks?
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12
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Name the 5 places that minerals originate.
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1. crystallization of molten rock material (or magma) 2. precipitation from hot water associated with magma in hydrothermal veins 3. precipitation from sea or lake water 4. material metabolized by organisms to construct shells 5. during metamorphism
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Describe quartz.
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glassy-looking, transparent material that can be a variety of colors, has a hardness of 7, in silicate mineral group
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Describe feldspar.
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It is the most common in the Earth's crust; it is dull w/ a porcelein-like appearance; red, pink, and white
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Describe mica.
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has the characteristic of peeling into think flat smooth sheets or flakes
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Which type of mica is white and pearly?
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muscovite
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Which type of mica is dark and shiny?
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biotite
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Describe pyroxene.
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dark to black and forms short, stubby crystals w/ square or rectangular cross-sections
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What is the most common type of pyroxene?
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augite
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Describe amphibole.
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dark, long, thin and shiny; mineral cross-sections are diamond shaped
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What is the most common type of an amphibole?
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hornblende
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Describe olivine.
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Yellow-green, glassy and translucent; usually in igneous rocks or as granular masses
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Describe calcite.
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White to gray; usually found in limestone.
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Describe pyrite.
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fool's gold
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What types of minerals make up granite?
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quartz and feldspar
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What type of minerals make up rhyolite?
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silica, potassium, and sodium
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What type of minerals make up gabbro?
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silica, pyroxene, amphiboles, and feldspar
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What type of minerals make up basalt?
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silica, pyroxene and amphiboles
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What type of minerals make up limestone?
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calcium carbonate
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What type of minerals make up gneiss?
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quartz, hornblende, and feldspars
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What type of minerals make up schist?
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mice
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What type of minerals make up sandstone?
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quartz
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What does effervescence mean?
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when some minerals are exposed to acid, they fizz
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What does flourescence mean?
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when some minerals are exposed to black light, they glow
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2 on Moh's hardness scale?
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Gypsum
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6 on Moh's hardness scale?
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orthoclase
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10 on Moh's hardness scale?
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diamond
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5 on Moh's hardness scale?
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apatite
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3 on Moh's hardness scale?
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Calcite
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9 on Moh's hardness scale?
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Colundum
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7 on Moh's hardness scale?
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Quartz
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4 on Moh's hardness scale?
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fluorite
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1 on Moh's hardness scale?
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talc
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8 on Moh's hardness scale?
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topaz
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