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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Force |
The push or the pull |
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Stress |
Force per unit area |
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Displacement |
Change in the place of a rock = movement |
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Rotation |
Change in the position of a rock = spinning/tilting |
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Strain |
Change in the shape of a rock = deformation |
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Types of Stress |
- Confining Stress = stress is equal from all directions / occurs in burial - Differential Stress = stress is NOT equal / occurs in crustal movements - Fluid Pressure = caused by fluids in the rock pores and works against external stresses / occurs in sedimentary rocks |
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Types of Differential Stress |
- Compression - rock is squeezed - Tension - rock is stretched - Shear - stress applied in opposing directions |
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Deformation Zones |
- Brittle Deformation Zone: upper portion of crust, with weak rocks and low pressures / results in joints and faults - Ductile Deformation Zone: lower depths, with stronger rocks due to increased pressure and temperature / results in folds |
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Types of Folds |
- Anticline: branches/limbs converge upwards to a crest - Syncline: branches/limbs converge downwards to a trough - Monocline: one side is dipped lower than the other |
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Angles of Folds |
- Upright - limbs from dif directions - Inclined - limbs from dif directions - Overturned - limbs from same direction - Recumbent - limbs from same direction |
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Joint |
A fracture where the blocks do not move |
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Fault |
A fracture where the blocks are displaced; the footwall is beneath the angled fracture line, and the hangingwall is above the angled fracture line |
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Types of Faults (by by position of walls) |
- Normal Fault: hangingwall has moved lower than the footwall - Reversed Fault: hangingwall has moved above the footwall - Thrust Fault: a reverse fault with an extreme angle; often characterized by movement over long distances |
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Types of Faults (by displacement) |
- Strike-Slip Fault: horizontal movement - Dip-Slip Fault: vertical movement - Oblique-Slip Fault: horizontal and vertical movement |
