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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Na-rich Plagioclase Feldspar |
Light colored, pink or cream, Low temp.Blocky, striations. 6 - Harder than glass, softer than streak plate. Cleaves in 2 directions at 90 degrees NaAl Si3 O8 |
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Ca-rich Plagioclase Feldspar |
Dark colored, gray or black.High temp Blocky, striations. no streak. 6 - Harder than glass, softer than streak plate. Cleaves in 2 directions at 90 degrees CaAl2 Si2 O8 |
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Potassic Feldspar |
Low temp. Light colored, pink or cream. Blocky, no striations. no streak. 6 - Harder than glass, softer than streak plate. Cleaves in 2 directions at 90 degrees. KAlSi3 O8 |
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Quartz |
Can be colorless, pink, purple, gray, black, green or yellow. White/colorless streak. 7 - Harder than glass, softer than streak plate. Fractures conchoidally SiO2 |
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Gypsum |
Colorless, gray, or white. Either clear crystals or gray/white earthy masses (alabaster). White/colorless streak. 2 - Softer than fingernail. Perfect cleavage in one direction Will not fizz with HCl CaSO4 x 2H2O |
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Gypsum |
Colorless, gray, or white. Either clear crystals or gray/white earthy masses (alabaster). White/colorless streak. 2 - Softer than fingernail. Perfect cleavage in one direction Will not fizz with HCl CaSO4 x 2H2O |
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Calcite |
Usually white or colorless. Fizzes with HCl, rhombohedral. White/colorless streak. 3 - Harder than fingernail, softer than glass. Fractures in 3 directions not at 90 degrees. CaCO3 |
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Muscovite Mica |
Flaky. Silver, colorless, light tan, yellow. White or colorless streak. Can be peeled into transparent sheets. 2-2.5 - softer than fingernail. Perfect cleavage in one direction. KAl2 (AlSi3 O10) (OH)2 |
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Kaolinite |
White. Usually dull, powdery mass. Sticks to tongue. 2-2.5 - softer than fingernail. Cleaves perfectly in one direction (rarely seen) Al2 Si2 O5(OH)4 |
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Pyrite |
"Fool's gold". Metallic luster. Gold color. Black streak. 6-6.5 - Harder than glass and can't be scratched with knife. Fractures conchoidally. FeS2 |
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Hematite |
Metallic. Black or red (red has nonmetallic earthy luster). Reddish-brown streak. 5.5-6.5 - Harder than glass and can't be scratched with knife. Fe2 O3 |
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Galena |
Metallic. Lead gray. Heavy. Gray streak. 2.5 - Harder than fingernail, softer than glass. Cleaves in 3 directions at 90 degrees. PbS |
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Hornblende (amphibole) |
Dark green to black. Colorless to light green streak. 5-6 - Harder than glass, softer than streak plate. Cleaves in 2 directions: 124 degrees and 56 degrees. - looks lumpy. Double chained silicate with Ca,Na,Fe,Mg. |
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Augite (pyroxene) |
Dark green to black. Colorless to light green streak. 5-6 - Harder than glass, softer than streak plate. Cleaves in 2 directions: 87 degrees and 93 degrees. - almost rectangular. Single chain silicate with Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,Al. |
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Garnet |
Red, green, brown, black, colorless, pink, orange. No streak. 12 sided crystal. 7 - Harder than glass, softer than streak plate. Fractures conchoidally. Complex Ca, Fe, Mg, Al, Cr, Mn silicate. |
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Olivine |
Mostly green. Colorless to light green streak. Stubby crystals and granular masses. 6.5-7 - Harder than glass, softer than streak plate. Fractures conchoidally. Fe2 SiO4 Mg2 SiO4 |
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Biotite Mica |
Brown, green or black. Brown or green streak. Can be peeled into thin elastic sheets. 2.5-3 - Softer than fingernail. K(Fe,Mg)3 AlSi3 O10 (OH)2 |
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Talc |
Green, gray or white. White or colorless streak. Greasy feel, may occur in irregular masses (soapstone). 1 - Softer than fingernail (very, very soft) Mg3 Si4 O10 (OH)2 |
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Basalt |
Aphanitic (fine-grained - can't see separation of crystals) May contain: Plagioclase, pyroxene, amphibole, olivine. Mafic, extrusive. |
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Granite |
Phaneritic (coarse grained - can see separation in crystals) May contain: Orthoclase, Quartz, na-plagioclase, muscovite, biotite, and amphibole. Felsic (light colored), intrusive. |
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Gabbro |
Phaneritic (coarse grained - can see separation of crystals) May contain: Ca-plagioclase, pyroxene, amphibole, and olivine. Magic (dark colored), intrusive. |
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Obsidian |
Glassy - no minerals. Smooth, dark. Mafic, extrusive. Extremely rapid cooling. |
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Rhyolite |
Aphanitic (fine grained). Light weight. May contain: Orthoclase, Quartz, Na-plagioclase, muscovite, biotite, and amphibole. Felsic,(light colored) extrusive. |
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Porphyritic Basalt |
Porphyritic (2 cooling rates. Can see separation of crystals in some parts, not it others) May contain: Ca-plagioclase, Pyroxene, olivine and amphibole. Mafic (dark colored) |
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Diorite |
Phaneritic (coarse grained - can see separation of crystals ) May contain: Plagioclase, muscovite, biotite, amphibole, quartz, orthoclase. Intermediate (medium coloring), intrusive |
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Pumice |
Porous, (glassy) - no minerals. Felsic (light colored) extrusive. Very light weight. |
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Andesite |
Aphanitic (fine grained) May content: quartz, plagioclase, muscovite, biotite, and amphibole. Intermediate. |
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Scoria |
Porous (glassy) - no minerals. Mafic (dark colored), extrusive. Heavy. |
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Sandstone |
Transported by wind/water. Fine grained. Clastic. Made of silicates (i.e. sand) |
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Conglomerate |
Clastic. Large, round grains. Wind/water transport. Made of silicate minerals (quartz) |
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Micrite limestone |
Biogenic. Marine environment. May have visible shells or few shells in very fine grains. Made of calcite (will fizz with HCl) |
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Coal |
Biogenic. Plant material buried and pressurized. No grains visible. Made of carbon, and possibly clay or quartz. |
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Oolitic Limestone |
Chemical. Very fine grains, tiny balls. Shallow marine environment. Made of calcite, (will fizz with HCl) |
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Fossiliferous Limestone |
Biogenic. Fine grained, contains fossils. Marine environment. Made of calcite (will fizz with HCl) |
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Breccia |
Clastic. Large, angular grains. Wind/water transport. Made of silicate minerals. |
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Shale |
Clastic. Fine grains not visible. Breaks into thin plates. Made of clay. |
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Slate |
Aluminous. Tends to split into thin plates. Foliated. Low grade metamorphic, shale or mudstone. |
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Gneiss |
Quarto-feldspathic. Foliated. High grade metamorphic, rocks separate into light and dark layered. Characterized by compositional banding. |
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Marble |
Calcareous. Non-foliated (granoblastic). Made of limestone (calcite or dolomite - should fizz with HCl) High grade metamorphic. |
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Schist |
Aluminous. Foliated (strong foliation). Medium to high grade metamorphic. Has large mica flakes that can be identified with naked eye. |
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Quartzite |
Quartz-Feldspathic (made of quartz - sandstone). Non-foliated (granoblastic). High grade metamorphic. |
