Geology Isp 203 Final Exam

Front 1

Name four factors for Mutations and Genetic Recombination

Back 1

o Copy errors (cell divides and sometimes copy data occurs)
o Post copy Damage – Radiation, Chemical, etc.
o Rare (most lethal)
o Random

Front 2

Resources and population have ______ correlation.

Back 2

Geometric population growth correlation.

Front 3

Tenets of Natural Selection

Back 3

o Variation in populations
o High reproductive potential
o Finite resources
o YET: populations are constant
o Organisms that are best adopted are most likely to survive and breed

Front 4

Wallace had problems explaining

Back 4

species distributions

Front 5

Timeline Breakdown

Back 5

o 4.6 billion – formation of crust
o 3.8 billion first evidence of oceans
o 3.6 billion first life Prokaryotic Heterotrophic (oldest life forms on planet)
o Prokarys  Small cells, very simple structure; no nucleus, no complex organelles, Kingdom Monera (primitive cells ought to be simple)
o 3.5 billion – Chemosynthesis
o 3.4 billion – Photosynthesis
o 2.5 billion – Hydrogen crisis

Front 6

Hetero or Auto, which is simpler?

Back 6

Hetero

Front 7

What happens in oxygen enriched environments?

Back 7

Oxygen rich atmosphere is anti-life

Front 8

• All things on earth are Heterotrophic even Autotrophs OR

Back 8

Heteros and Autos are rectangles while only Autos are squares but not Heteros.

Front 9

where does ATP occur?

Back 9

o ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism

Front 10

ATP created from _____

Back 10

inorganic phosphate and adenosine diphosphate

Front 11

Organisms can store ___ but not ____

Back 11

ADP not ATP

Front 12

How do we get 2 ATP?

Back 12

o Going from 6C sugar to 2 3C sugars

Front 13

chemosynthesis interacts with

Back 13

iron and sulfur molecules

Front 14

• Photosynthesis does not include

Back 14

o No free oxygen (O2)
o No ozone (O3) formation
o No UV shielding

Front 15

Carbon dioxide is

Back 15

inorganic carbon

Front 16

• Fixed carbon, reduced carbon, and organic carbon are

Back 16

organic compounds

Front 17

Excitation Light: the science behind glow and the dark objects

Back 17

o Energy causes electron to pop off somewhere else in pigment molecule
o Electron re-aligns causing new energy/new light to be emitted from molecule
o Stops emitting light/energy after all electrons are aligned

Front 18

Photosynthesis does not require

Back 18

oxygen

Front 19

• ATP has the power to absorb

Back 19

UV light

Front 20

After evolving Autotrophs do not continue to use

Back 20

chemosynthesis after evolving

Front 21

Cyanbacteria are

Back 21

photosynthetic organism utilizes solar energy to synthesize complex organic molecules (autotrophic metabolism)

Front 22

Stromalites

Back 22

layers of sheets of photosynthesis molecules sheet of cells is sticky so skin picks up grit from water

Front 23

• Electrolysis

Back 23

method of breaking down water

Front 24

Anaerobic Metabolism, cannot go past point:

Back 24

2 [3C]

Front 25

• Eurokaryotic Cells possess

Back 25

>>>>>Complex >>>> nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts

Front 26

body acclimatized to

Back 26

20% oxygen intake

Front 27

prokaryotes that entered into Eurokaryotic cells

Back 27

because mitochondria in similar size and physiognomy of prokaryotes

Front 28

Sperm cells have

Back 28

no mitochondria

Front 29

creation of ATP causes

Back 29

sentient humans

Front 30

o Cretaceous to Ceno there was another mass extinction yet

Back 30

marine life does not go down/continues to incline

Front 31

• Siberian Volcanism, [CO2], Warming, Methane Hydrates, More Warming, Anoxia

Back 31

Methane Clathrates

Front 32

o Meteorites always

Back 32

make some kind of contact with Earth’s crust

Front 33

o Meteors have a lot of kinetic energy

Back 33

which burns up in Earth’s atmosphere

Front 34

• Meteorides – rocky body in orbit

Back 34

less than 1 km in size

Front 35

When meteor enters atmosphere, outside is

Back 35

much hotter than inside, this is a perfect recipe for it to break into pieces, broke right before impact

Front 36

KT boundary means

Back 36

cretaceous-tertiary boundary

Front 37

Pteridophytes are

Back 37

Ferns, Horsetails, Lycopods

Front 38

Gymnosperms are

Back 38

Conifers

Front 39

Angio are

Back 39

Palms and plants and flowers

Front 40

Hadrosaurs continued to eat _____ despite the birth Angios

Back 40

Conifers (pine needles)

Front 41

Dinosaurs extinct due to

Back 41

Failure to eat new plant for millennia which caused them to decrease in population because flowers kept rising in population then meteor came and decimated them

Front 42

Boreal Forests compiled of

Back 42

Pinaceous Conifers: spruce, fir, hemlock, larch and pine

Front 43

Total square miles of forests

Back 43

Boreal 2nd (Tropical Forests 1st, Temperate Forests 3rd

Front 44

Total carbon of forests

Back 44

Boreal 1st, Tropical Forests 2nd, Temperate Forests 3rd

Front 45

The Permafrost/Drunken forest located in Siberia are

Back 45

melting causing erosion

Front 46

Rising Seal Level by mm /year

Back 46

1.8mm/year

Front 47

Global Ice Volume Total:

Back 47

30 X 106 KM2

Front 48

Antartica melts:

Back 48

+248 Ft. globe seal level rises

Front 49

Greenland melts:

Back 49

+23 Ft. globe sea level

Front 50

New Orleans delta causes subsidence

Back 50

25 mm/year

Front 51

Floodwaters went over Pontchatrain _____ and broke _____ at areas

Back 51

close to sea level (ninth ward)

Front 52

the future of New Orleans appears bleak because

Back 52

predicted sea level rise, wetland loss, subsidence and the absence of restoration programs,

Front 53

After Global Warming skyrockets

Back 53

Trees will be moving to the north again

Front 54

As trees travel North there will be environments of

Back 54

warm climate, and little sunlight

Front 55

when trees move north carbon deposits will

Back 55

rise up to ozone instead of being soaked up by trees

Front 56

Only trees in ____________ when trees try to move north

Back 56

mountains

Front 57

Milutin Milankovitch's Astronomical Theory states

Back 57

Axial Tilt wavers between 22-24 degrees every 41,000 yrs

Front 58

Orbital Eccentricity how the earth is orbiting the sun

Back 58

2% differentiation – 100,000 year cycle

Front 59

Deciduous trees are

Back 59

lose needles in winter: Metasequoias (Larch, Maple, Birch)

Front 60

Deciduous trees react to

Back 60

NOT temperature but due to sunlight. Drop their leave due to days becoming shorter

Front 61

Conifers and Deciduous Redwoods spend

Back 61

same amount of energy either by holding leaves (Conifers) or losing and gaining leaves back (Redwoods)

Front 62

Conifers were in the mountains during Tertiary and as Planet cooled down the conifers

Back 62

spread across the northern hemisphere