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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Originates on land from accumulation, compaction, and re-crystallization of snow
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Glacier
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2 basic glacier cycles
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rock and hydrologic
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mountainous areas, flows down valley, faster than continental
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valley (alpine)
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Large scale glacier, two ice sheets (greenland and antarctica), Flows in all directions
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Continental (ice sheets)
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80% of world ice, 2/3 of freshwater
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Antarctic ice sheet
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Formation of glacier
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Air infiltrates snow, snow flakes become smaller and spherical. => than 50 meters
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Snow re-crystallized into denser mass of small grains
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Firn
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Glacier movement which occurs in the interior of the glacier, lots of pressure
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Plastic flow
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Entire ice mass slipping along ground, majority of glaciers move this way
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Basal slip
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occurs in top 50 m, Tension causes crevasses to form in brittle ice
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Zone of Fracture
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Rapid movement of a glacier
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surge
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where glacier forms
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zone of accumulation
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ablation- net loss of glacier due to melting/ calving- breaking off of large pieces
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Zone of wastage
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Balance between accumulation at upper end and loss at lower end
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Glacial budget
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Accumulation greater than wastage
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Glacial advance
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Zone of accumulation moves the _____, and from the firn line to the terminus velocity _________
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fastest, decreases
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Ice near valley floor and walls move the ________
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slowest
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Glacier erosion of lifting and pushing of rocks
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plucking/bulldozing
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Rocks within ice polish surface below, produces rock flour, produces glacier striation
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Abrasion
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Look up erosional landforms created by glaciers
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book
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T. Spurs
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cutoff truncated ridges that extend into pre glacial valley
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Bowl shaped depression
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Cirque
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Hanging valley
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floor is at lower level than main valley
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Lake in a cirque
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Tarn
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Glacial valley infiltrated by the sea
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Fiord
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All sediments of glacial origin
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Glacial drift
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Deposited directly by ice
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Till
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Sediments laid down by glacial meltwater
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Stratified drift
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Ridges made of till
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moraines
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Landforms of till
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later medial end
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Depositional features
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drumlins
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Broad surface, deposits of lots of sediment
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Outwash plains
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depositional of meltwater
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Kanes and Eskers
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Pleistocene, migration of organisms, change in stream courses, sealevel and climate change
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Ice age
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Cause of glaciation
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plate tectonics, Earths orbit change
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Shoreline
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Coastal processes
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accumulation of sediment
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beach
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Waves derive energy from
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wind
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Distance of waves
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fetch
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time between passage of 2 successive crests
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period
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Deep, wave energy moves forward
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Oscillation
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Shallow, as speed and length of wave diminish, the wave grows higher
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Translation
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Sand movement is _________ to the shoreline
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perpendicular
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wave energy is concentrated on ________
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headlands
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Bending, energy distributed at headlands
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Wave Refraction
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Deep, wave energy moves forward
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Oscillation
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Shallow, as speed and length of wave diminish, the wave grows higher
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Translation
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Sand movement is _________ to the shoreline
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perpendicular
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wave energy is concentrated on ________
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headlands
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Bending, energy distributed at headlands, transport huge amounts of sediments
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Wave Refraction
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Beach drift forms ____ pattern
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zigzag
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produced by oblique waves, flows parallel to coast, transport lots of sediment
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longshore current
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Features caused by wave erosion
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wave cut cliffs, wave cut platforms/ Head lands= sea arch, sea stack
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Beach drift and longshore current
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Depositional
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Accumulation of sand that runs parallel to coast
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Spits
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Sand spit that completely closes off bay
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Baymouth bar
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ridge of sand that connects land
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Tombolo
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Low ridges of sand that are parallel to coast
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Barrier Island
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If a shoreline remains stable, deposition or erosion will make it ____
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straight
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Erosion is influenced by:
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1) proximity to sediment laden rivers
2) degree of tectonic activity 3) Topography and composition of the land 4) Prevailing wind and weather patterns 5)Configuration of the coastline and nearshore areas |
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Built offshore and run parallel to coast
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Breakwall
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Protect coast from erosion
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Sea wall
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Causes of tides
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gravitational pull of moon is dominant, and sun has affect
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Strongest fluctuation, extreme because sun and moon are aligned
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Spring tide
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moon and sun are offset, gravity reduced
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neap tide
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semidiurnal
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2 highs 2 lows
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Ebb current
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tide falls
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weak brake that slows rotation
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tidal friction
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Low latitude , tropics of cancer and capricorn
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Subtropical
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