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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Continental Drift
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Earth's masses have migrated for 225 million years.Wegener 1912
1.can make continents fit 2.matching rocks and fossils 3.climatic anomolies -coal formed from tropics is found in PA |
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Pangea
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Super continent formed by collision of all continents, 225 million years old
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Subduction Zone
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2 plates collide and denser oceanic crust dives
-forms ocean trenches and seismically active regions |
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Transform Faults
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faulting occurs between mid ocean ridge,produces a relative horizontal motion
-no crust formed or consumed |
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Hot Spots
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high activity of plate moving
-100 worldwide (ring of fire) |
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Rock
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an assembly of minerals bound together
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Sedimentary Rock
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1 of 3 rock types
-formed by compaction, cementation and hardening of sediments derived from other rocks |
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Lithification
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The compaction,cementation and hardening of sediments in sed rock
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Metamorphic Rock
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an existing igneous and sedimentary rock that has undergone profound physical and chemical changes under increased pressure and temperature
-foliated or nonfoliated texture |
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Convergent Boundaries
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characteristics of collision zones, where areas of continental and oceanic lithosphere collide
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oceanic-oceanic convergent
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one oceanic crust subducts and creates subduction zone, melting and bubbling up is created near bottom of zone. volcanoes form on surface and creates an island
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oceanic-continental convergent
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get an ocean trench, melting and bubbling reaches up to surface on continental crust and creates volcanoes inland from coast.
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continental-continental convergent
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-mountain ranges are formed this way and oregany mountain is formed where high mountains are created
ex. Himalayas and Alps |
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Divergent Boundaries
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characteristic of sea-floor spreading centers, where upwelling material from the mantle forms new seafloor and lithospheric plates spread apart, new crust is formed
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mid ocean ridges
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a submarine mountain range that extends more than 65,000 km worldwide and averages more than 1000 km in width;centered along sea-floor spreading centers
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Sea-floor spreading
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the mechanism driving the movement of continents
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plate tectonics
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accepted as the foundation of crustal tectonic processes
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mineral
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an element or combination of elements that forms an inorganic natural compound;described by a specific formula and crystal structure
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rock cycle
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a model representing the interrelationships amoung the three rock-forming processes, shows how each can be transformed into another
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geologic cycle
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a general term characterizing the vast cycling that proceeds in the lithosphere. It encompasses the hydrologic cycle,tectonic cycle and rock cycle
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basalt
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a common extrusive igneous rock,comprising the bulk of hte ocean-floor curst, lava flows, and volcanic forms
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granite
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a course-grained(slow-cooling) intrusive igneous rock.characteristic of continental crust
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crust
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earth's outer shell of crystalline surface rock, ranging from 5 to 60km in thickness from oceanic crust to mountain ranges.
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asthenosphere
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region of the upper mantle just below the lithosphere;the least rigid portion of earths's interier and known as the plasic layer, flowing slowly under extreme heat and pressure
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mantle
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large area in earths crust.occurs between core and crust. has convection currents in it
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core
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the deepest inner portion of earth representing one third of its entiere mass, seperated into 2 zones a solid iron inner core surrounded by a dense,molten,fluid metallic iron outer core
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seismic waves
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the shock wave sent through the planet by an earthquake or underground nuclear test, provides evidence of earths layers
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lava
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magma that issues from volcanic activity onto the surface
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magma
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molten rock from beneath earths surface
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pluton
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a mass of intrusive igneous rock that has cooled slowly in the crust
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