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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Igneous Rocks
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rocks that form by solidifying from a cooling melt
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extrusive (volcanic)
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at the earth's surface
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intrusive (plutonic)
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in the Earth
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basaltic rocks are consumed at______ boundaries
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convergent
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basaltic magma is ?
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fluid
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how does magma change composition?
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1. assimilation
2. magma mixing 3.magmatic differentiation |
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magma
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molten rock found at depth, including dissolved gasses and crystals
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lava
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magma that reaches the Earth's surface
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porphyritic
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two different crystal sizes in an igneous rock
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felsic
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relatively cool and very sticky (granite)
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intermediate
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hot, fairly sticky (diorite, andesite)
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mafic
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hot, flows easily (gabbro, basalt)
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what three factors contribute to the textures of igneous rocks?
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1. rate at which magma cools
2.amount of silica present 3.amount of dissolved gases in the magma |
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As magma loses heat the mobility of its ions_____
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decrease
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glass
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rocks that consist of unordered ions
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slow cooling promotoes the growth of_____ crystals
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large
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vesicular
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fill with voids, or holes left by gas bubbles
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aphanatic texture
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igneous rocks that form at the surface or as small masses within the upper crust where cooling is relatively rapid, this causes a VERY FINE GRAINED TEXTURE
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phaneritic texture
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coarse grained texture, when large masses of magam slowly solidify far below the surface.
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glassy texture
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when molten rock is ejected into the atmosphere, where it is quenched quickly.
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pyroclastic texture
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formed from consolidation of individual rock fragments that are ejected during a violent volcanic eruption
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pegmatitic texture
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composed of interlocking crystals all larger than a centimeter in diameter.
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what three factors contribute to the textures of igneous rocks?
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1. rate at which magma cools
2.amount of silica present 3.amount of dissolved gases in the magma |
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As magma loses heat the mobility of its ions_____
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decrease
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glass
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rocks that consist of unordered ions
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slow cooling promotoes the growth of_____ crystals
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large
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vesicular
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fill with voids, or holes left by gas bubbles
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aphanatic texture
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igneous rocks that form at the surface or as small masses within the upper crust where cooling is relatively rapid, this causes a VERY FINE GRAINED TEXTURE
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phaneritic texture
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coarse grained texture, when large masses of magam slowly solidify far below the surface.
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glassy texture
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when molten rock is ejected into the atmosphere, where it is quenched quickly.
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pyroclastic texture
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composed of fragments ejected during an eruption.
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pegmatitic texture
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composed of interlocking crystals all larger than a centimeter in diameter.
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magmatic differentiation
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when one of more magmas form from a single parent magma
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assimilation
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as magma migrates upwards, it may coroporate some surrounding host rock
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viscosity
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the magma's mobility
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volatiles
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the gaseous component of magma
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pahohoe flows
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resemble twisting braids in ropes
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Aa flows
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surface of rough jagged blocks
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crater
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steep-walled depression in a volcano
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dike
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tabular rock body that cuts across surrounding layers
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sill
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tabular, but concordant to surrounding layers
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batholith
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huge volume of granite rock, new continental crust forming along margins of continents
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xenolith
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pieces of surrounding rock that fall into the magma
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columner jointing
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slow cooling allows cracks to develope
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roof pendent
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the roof falls in and becomes partially baked
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volcano
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cone shaped land form that rises up from the Earth
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why do minerals grow into geometric shapes?
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the atoms are arranged in geometric patterns.
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why do minerals cleave along regular planes?
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They break or cleave on an ionic boonded pattern.
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Why do some minerals lack cleavage?
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There are no weak bonds.
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How are diamond and graphite similar?
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same chemical composition
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How do diamond and graphite differ?
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they were created under different types of pressure.
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