Geology

Front 1

outside 'skin' of earth

Back 1

crust

Front 2

boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle

Back 2

moho

Front 3

innermost part of earth-solid(nickel)

Back 3

inner core

Front 4

surrounding inner core; like a liquid, nickel

Back 4

outer core

Front 5

layer surrounding outer core; solid, but flows like a liquid

Back 5

mantle

Front 6

plasticity

Back 6

a solid that flows like a liquid

Front 7

which layer of earth exhibits plasticity?

Back 7

mantle

Front 8

oceanic crust is mostly made of...

Back 8

basalt

Front 9

continental crust is mostly made of...

Back 9

granite

Front 10

plate tectonics

Back 10

theory that pieces of earths lithosphere are in constant motion; driven by convection currents in mantle

Front 11

theory of plate tectonics is supported by...(7)

Back 11

fossil evidence, climate changes, shapes of continents, glacial grooves, coal deposits, rock type, convection currents

Front 12

movement of lithospheric plates is believed to be caused by...

Back 12

convection currents, difference in temp.

Front 13

convection currents are...

Back 13

movement of fluid caused by different temps, that transfers thermal energy from 1 part of fluid to another...hot rises, cool sinks

Front 14

pangaea

Back 14

single landmass that broke apart 225mil yrs ago & gave rise to today's continents

Front 15

sea floor spreading

Back 15

process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor

Front 16

divergent boundary

Back 16

where 2 plates slide away from each other <>
mid ocean ridge

Front 17

convergent boundary

Back 17

where 2 plates come together ><
mts & ocean trenches

Front 18

transform boundary

Back 18

where 2 plates slide past each other ^>
san andreas

Front 19

what happens when 2 cont. plates collide? example?

Back 19

mts form; himilaya mts

Front 20

earths history spans about...

Back 20

4.6bil yrs

Front 21

1st era in history? longest era?

Back 21

precambrian(both)

Front 22

principle of cross-cutting

Back 22

thing being cut is older than the thing cutting it

Front 23

principle of inclusions

Back 23

rock fragments within larger body of rock is older than the surrounding larger body of rock

Front 24

principle of superposition

Back 24

layer on bottom is oldest, layer on top is youngest

Front 25

principle of uniformitarianism

Back 25

present is key to past...erosion and deposition (today)

Front 26

principle of unconformities

Back 26

gaps in geologic record

Front 27

principle of original horizontality

Back 27

sedimentary layers are initially deposited in horizontal layers

Front 28

tension

Back 28

causes rocks to pull apart

Front 29

shearing

Back 29

causes rocks to slip past each other

Front 30

principle of unconformities

Back 30

gaps in the geologic record

Front 31

compression

Back 31

causes rocks to shorten; compressed together

Front 32

where is footwall and hanging wall in normal fault? what stress?

Back 32

fw-top, hw-bottom; tension

Front 33

where is footwall and hanging wall in reverse fault? what stress?

Back 33

fw-bottom, hw-top; compression

Front 34

topographic/contour map

Back 34

map showing different elevations of an area

Front 35

contour line

Back 35

lines connecting points of equal elevation

Front 36

contour interval

Back 36

elevation difference btwn adjacent contour lines

Front 37

how are lines like if a steep slope? gentle slope?

Back 37

close together; far apart

Front 38

how do you know which direction a river is flowing?

Back 38

arrow-like things point to the head of river (upstream)