Geology

Front 1

rocks

Back 1

aggregates of one or more kind of minerals.

Front 2

minerals

Back 2

inorganic, naturally occurring substances that have a charactersitic chemical composition, distinctive physical properties, and crystalline structure.

Front 3

Crystalline structure

Back 3

orderly three-dimensional arrangement of atoms or molecules

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Not true minerals

Back 4

Limonite and opal

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clarity

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transparent, translucent, or opaque.

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crystal forms

Back 6

cubes, pyramids, or prisms

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cryptocrystalline

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too small to see with th enaked eye

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luster

Back 8

how light reflects from the surface of an object, such as a mineral. Either metallic or nonmetallic

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Metallic luster

Back 9

reflect light just like the metal objects in the house

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nonmetallic luster

Back 10

a luster unlike that of metal objects

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streak

Back 11

color of a substance after is has been ground to a find powder

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hardness

Back 12

measure of resistance to straching

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fracture

Back 13

any break in a mineral that does not occur along a cleavage plane

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cleavage

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tendency of some minerals to break along flat, parallel surfaces.

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tenactiy

Back 15

manner in which a substance resist breakage.

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magma

Back 16

rock exists in isolated bodies below earth's surface

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intrusion

Back 17

a body of magma that pushes its way into the earth's crust

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instrusive igneous rock

Back 18

rock that was magma and forced out of the earth's crust and then cooled with visible crystals

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lava

Back 19

comes from the earths surface

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extrusive igneous rock

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is made when lava cools

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Texture

Back 21

ignoues rocks description of it's constituent parts and their sizes, shapes, and arrangement.

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aphanitic texture

Back 22

to small to see without a hand lens

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phaneritic texture

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coarse grained

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pegmatitic texture

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very coarse grained

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porphyritic texture

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two distinct sizes of crystals, phenocrysts which are the large crystals and matrix which are the smaller onces.

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vesicular texture

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vesicles. igneous rocks like scoria

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felsic minerals

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quartz, plagioclase feldspar, potassium feldspar. light colored.

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mafic minerals

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miotite mica, amphibole, pyroxene olivine. dark colored

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color index

Back 29

percentage of the mafic mineral crystals in the rock.

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felsic igneous rocks

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0-15% mafic minerals crystals

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Intermediate igneous rocks

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16-45% mafic mineral crystals

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Mafic Igneous rocks

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46-85% mafic mineral crystals

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Ultramafic igneous rocks

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86-100% mafic mineral crystals

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chemical weathering

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decomposition or dissoultion of earth materials

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sediments

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loose grains and chemical residues of earth materials

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physical/mechanical weathering

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corcking, scrathcing, crushing, abrasion, or other physical distintergration of earth materials

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grain size

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gravel, sand, silt, and clay

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crystalline teture

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clearly visbile crystals

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bioclastic sediments

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comprised mostly of the reamins of organism, such as shells

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Chemical

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sedmients and rocks are comprised mostly of intergrown mineral crystals

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Detrital

Back 41

compsed mostly of detrital grains