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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Write the Geologic Time Scale. |
PRECAMBRIAN PALEOZOIC MESOZOIC CENOZOIC |
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PALEOZOIC
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"Come Over Some Day Maybe Play Poker"
Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Mississippian Pennsylvanian Permian |
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MESOZOIC
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Triassic
Jurassic Cretaceous |
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CENOZOIC |
Tertiary Quaternary |
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Draw a cross-section of the earth.
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Core Outer Core Mantle Crust Atmosphere |
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Core |
Solid Inner Core comprised of iron and nickle |
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Outer Core |
Molten Iron |
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Mantle |
Molten Rock Transitional gradient of viscosity |
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Crust |
Oceanic & Continental |
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Atmosphere |
The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet. |
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Continental Crust |
Can be over 4 billion years old & is lighter then the oceanic crust. |
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Oceanic Crust |
Can be up to 2 billion years old, recycles, and is heavier then the continental crust. |
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Explain the "ROCK CYCLE" |
The Rock Cycle is a group of changes. Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock. Igneous rock forms when magma cools and makes crystals. |
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Uniformitarianism |
The theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes. |
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Hot Spot |
How the Hawaiian islands were formed. Volcanic upheaval, The movement of tectonic plates, and erosion. D=RxT Distance is equal to rate multiplied by time |
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Bowen's reaction series |
Explains why certain types of minerals tend to be found together while others are almost never associated with one another.
It is related to igneous rock. "Old People Always Bitch Please Make'em Quit" |
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Discontinuous Branch of Bowen's Reaction Series. |
"Olive Pits Are Bitter" & "Old People Always Bitch Please Make'em Quit" Olivine Pyroxene Amphibole Biotite |
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Residual Phases of Bowen's Reaction Series. |
"Old People Always Bitch Please Make'em Quit" & "P.M. Quiet" Potassium Feldspar Muscovite Quartz |
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Continuous Branch of Bowen's Reaction Series |
Calcium-Rich Plagioclase to Sodium-Rich Plagioclase |
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What are some gases released by volcanoes? Which is the most common? |
Steam is the most common some others also include: Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide. |
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What are the ways in which volcanoes are monitored? |
Satellites Thermal imaging Airborne and ground Cameras GPS Surveying Tiltmeter Earthquake and Lahar Sensors Animal activity |
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Explain the different kinds of volcanoes and give an example of each. |
Shield Cinder Cone Composite |
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Shield Volcano
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A shield volcano is a type of volcano usually built almost entirely of fluid magma flows. They are named for their large size and low profile, resembling a warrior's shield lying on the ground. This is caused by the highly fluid lava they erupt. |
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Cinder Cone Volcano |
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments. |
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Composite Volcano |
A strato volcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. |
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What are the two kinds of weathering? Explain each in detail. |
Mechanical and Chemical |
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Mechanical Weathering |
Frost Wedging Exfoliation Root Penetration Salt Crystal Growth Thermal Expansion & Contraction |
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Chemical Weathering |
Oxidation Hydrolysis Dissolution |
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Explain the relationship between surface area and volume. How does it affect weathering? |
Volume remains constant as material is broken apart. Surface area increases as material is broken apart. |
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What factors control the rate of chemical weathering? |
Parent Material Climate - Such as relative humidity. |
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Explain how marine transgressions / regressions are recorded in sedimentary facies. |
Sedimentary facies changes may indicate transgressions and regressions and are often easily identified, because of the unique conditions required to deposit each type of sediment. For instance, coarse-grained clastics like sand are usually deposited in nearshore, high-energy environments; fine-grained sediments however, such as silt and carbonate muds, are deposited farther offshore, in deep, low-energy waters.
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Explain how deposits of mud and sand are lithified. |
The processes by which sediments are changed into rock are complex, but can be simplified into two processes, called compaction and cementation. |
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Compaction |
Happens when sediments are deeply buried, placing them under pressure because of the weight of overlying layers. This squashes the grains together more tightly. |
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Cementation |
Is where new minerals stick the grains together – just as cement (from a bag) binds sand grains in a bricklayer’s mortar. |
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What are the agents of metamorphism? |
Pressure Heat Fluid Activity |
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What are the three types of metamorphism? Explain each in detail, describing the pressure and temperature environments of each. |
Contact Regional Dynamic |
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Contact Metamorphism |
Metamorphuism in which the mineralogy and texture of a body of rock are changed by exposure to pressure and extreme temperature associated with a body of intruding magma.
Contact Metamorphism often results in the formation of valuable minerals, such as garnet and emery, through the interaction of the hot magma with adjacent rock. |
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Regional Metamorphism |
A type of metamorphism in which the mineralogy and texture of rocks are changed over a wide area by deep burial and heating associated with the large-scale forces of plate tectonics. In regional metamorphism, rocks that form closer to the margin of the tectonic plates, where the heat and pressure are greatest, often differ in their minerals and texture from those that form farther away. |
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Dynamic Metamorphism |
Metamorphism produced by mechanical forces.
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Explain how grain size in igneous rocks is influenced by its origin. Give specific examples, using the rocks we studied in lab. |
In most cases, the resulting grain size depends on how quickly the magma cooled. In general, the slower the cooling, the larger the crystals in the final rock.
Reproduce Chart in the front of my binder ;-) |
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Explain how depositional environment is related to sedimentary rock type. Give specific examples using the sedimentary rocks we studied in lab
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