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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the term for the sun driven circulation of water from air to land to oceans?
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Hydrologic Cycle
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What is the term for line of low that are parallel and no mixing occurs?
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Laminar flow
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What is the term for lines of flow that intertwine and are mixed?
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Turbulent flow
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What is the term for the rate the ground can absorb water?
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Infiltration capacity
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What is the term for the volume of water passing a particular point in set period of time
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Discharge
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What is the term for the erosion done by direct impact of water on loose material?
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Hydraulic action
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What is the term for materials carried by water in solution?
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Dissolved load
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What is the term for large particles carried by water, usually sand and gravel
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Bed load
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What is the term for small particles carried by water usually silt and clay size?
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Suspended load
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What is the term for the sediment deposits left by rivers/
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Alluvium
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What is the term for a stream with intricate network of dividing and rejoining channels?
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Braided stream
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What is the term for a stream with a single, sinuous channel?
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Meandering stream
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What is the term for the area that supplies water to river drainage system?
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Drainage basin
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What is the term for the topographic high area that separates drainage basins?
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Divide
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Name the 4 actions where laminar flow is most often found?
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1. groundwater
2. mudflows 3. lava flows 4. glaciers |
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What kind of channels are formed by meandering rivers?
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1. asymmetric
2. sinuous |
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Meandering rivers cause erosion how?
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Meandering rivers form cutbanks.
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Where are cutbanks formed by a meandering river?
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On the deep side
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Where are point bars formed on a meandering river?
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On the shallow side of the curve
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How do braided rivers form?
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When sediment supply exceeds the transport capacity of the river.
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What kind of transport systems are braided rivers?
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Bed load transport systems
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Name 3 flood control structures:
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1. dams
2. levees 3. reservoirs |
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What is the term used to describe sea level?
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Ultimate base level for streams
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What happens to streams when their sea levels drop?
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Streams erode
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What happens to streams when their sea levels go up?
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Streams deposit
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UPstream of dams, streams do what?
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Streams deposit in the reservoir filling them jup.
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Downstream of dams, streams do what?
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They erode, sweeping away living areas for wildlife.
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Where might streams erode?
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1. to the side
2. down into their valley 3. back into their headwaters |
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How does running water erode soluble rocks?
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Dissolution
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How does running water erode all rocks?
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1. abrasion
2. hydraulic action |
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List 4 reasons why understanding running water and river systems is important?
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1. the danger of flooding
2. rivers can be used for tranpsort 3. rivers can provide hydroelectric power 4. rivers provide drinking water |
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Why can paving lead to increased flooding?
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Because paving causes an increase in runoff
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T or F
Water that precipitates on land may be stored in glaciers. |
True
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T or F
Water that precipitates on land may seep below ground. |
True
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T or F
Water that precipitates on land may become runoff. |
True
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T or F
Water that precipitates on land may evaporate. |
True
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What does hydroelectric power do?
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Converts energy of falling water to electricity.
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Name 4 disadvantages of hydroelectric power include?
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1. large areas of land flooded
2. great expense to build dams 3. only some rivers are suitable 4. dams may fail and cause floods |
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Name 4 influences of river velocity:
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1. channel roughness
2. friction 3. gradient 4. channel shape |
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Name 4 types of load transported by rivers?
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1. dissolved load
2. solid load 3. suspended load 4. bed load |
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Where are braided streams most common?
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1. glaciers
2. deserts |
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What are ox-bow lakes?
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Cut-off meanders
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Name landforms that are created by stream deposition?
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1. floodplain
2. alluvial fan 3. point bar 4. natural levee |
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T or F
Alluvian fans may contain both alluvium and mudflow deposits. |
True
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How do people attempt to control floods?
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building
1. dams 2. levees |
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Name 4 types of drainage systems:
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1. Deranged
2. Radial 3. Trellis 4. Rectangular |
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What are the 4 ways drainage systems vary?
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1. topography
2. rock type 3. underlying structure 4. area's geologic history |
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What caused the Midwest floods of 1993?
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A shift in the jetstream
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Describe the valleys that are with young streams or those in tectonically active areas?
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Deep, narrow valleys
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What are the 3 reasons why stream terraces form?
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1. the base level changed
2. the land was uplifted 3. sea level dropped |
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Name the 4 stream results that can occur from changes in land elevation
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1. form incised meanders
2. form stream terraces 3. erode a water gap 4. deposit alluvium |
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What is the term for streams that are in equilibrium and do neither significant erosion or deposition?
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Graded streams
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How do valleys form?
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1. sheet wash
2. mass wasting 3. headward and lateral erosion 4. downcutting |
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T or F
Floods occur frequently. |
True
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Why is the biggest singel use of water in the US is to generate power?
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Almost all electrical plants heat steam to turn the turbines
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Where does most of the precipitation fall?
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In the oceans
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T or F
Laminar flow has parallel streamlines. |
True
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What are the 4 things that the erosive power of rivers depends on?
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1. speed
2. flow type 3. water depth 4. turbulence |
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What are the 4 sources that supply rivers?
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1. groundwater
2. soil moisture 3. rain 4. sheetflow |
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Why is streamflow generally faster in downstream areas than in the mountainous headwaters?
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Mountain streams have very rough channels
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T or F
Hydraulic action is direct impact of moving water. |
True
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What keeps up a suspended load?
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Kept up by fluid turbulence
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T or F
Meandering streams have one weaving channel. |
True
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T or F
Meandering streams erode the outside curves of bends. |
True
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T or F
Meandering streams deposit sediments on the inside of curves. |
True
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T or F
Meandering streams form oxbow lakes when meanders are cut off. |
True
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T or F
Running ware is the most important modifier of the land surface because rivers hold over one billion cubic kilometers of water. |
FALSE
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T or F
Runoff is almost alway turbulent. |
True
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T or F
Turbulent flow cn do much more erosion than laminar. |
True
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T or F
The Mississippi River discharge is more than ten times that of the Amazon. |
False
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T or F
Discharge alway increases downstream. |
False
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T or F
Erosion rates are higher in the desert regions than in most humid. |
True
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T or F
Floods are the second most dangerous natural disaster in the US. |
FALSE, I think they're the #1.
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T o F
Dams create reservoirs that become local base levels. |
True
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T or F
Oxbow lakes are temporary landscape features since they get filled with sediment. |
True
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T or F
Building next to a meandering stream has a lower flood risk than next to a braided stream. |
False.
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