Geology 131 Minerals-From Fe

Front 1

What is the term for the smallest particle that exists in an element?

Back 1

Atom

Front 2

What is the term for the average of atomic masses of isotopes for a given element?

Back 2

Atomic weight

Front 3

What is the term for the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?

Back 3

Atomic number

Front 4

What is the term for the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weak bonding?

Back 4

Cleavage

Front 5

What is the term for a phenomenon of light by which otherwise identical objects may be differentiated?

Back 5

Color

Front 6

What is the term for a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions and usually having properties different from those of its constituent elements?

Back 6

Compound

Front 7

What is the term for a chemical bond produced by the sharing of electrons?

Back 7

Covalent bond

Front 8

What is the term for the external appearance of a mineral as determined by its internal arrangement of atoms?

Back 8

crystal form

Front 9

What is the term for silicate minerals containing ions of iron and/or magnesium in their structure?

Back 9

Dark/ferromagnesian silicates

(ferro- refers to iron)

Front 10

What are the differences between dark silicates and nonferromagnesian silicates?

Back 10

Dark silicates are darker in color and have a higher specific gravity than nonferromagnesian silicates.

Front 11

What is the term for a negatively charged subatomic particle that has a negligible mass and is found outside an aton's nucleus?

Back 11

Electron

Front 12

What is the term for a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical means

Back 12

Element

Front 13

What is the term for the spherically shaped, negatively charged zones that surround the nucleus of an atom?

Back 13

Energy-level, or shells

Front 14

What is the term for any break or rupture in rock along which no appreciable movement has taken place?

Back 14

Fracture

Front 15

What is the term for a minerals' resistance to scratching and abrasion?

Back 15

Hardness

Front 16

What is the term for an atom or molecule that possesses an electrical charge?

Back 16

ion

Front 17

What is the term for a chemical bond between two oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of valence electrons from one atom to the other?

Back 17

ionic bond

Front 18

What is the term for the varieties of the same element that have different mass numbers; their nuclei contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutron?

Back 18

isotope

Front 19

What is the term for silicate minerals that lack iron and/or magnesium?

Back 19

light/nonferromagnesian silicates

Front 20

What is the term for the appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral?

Back 20

Luster

Front 21

What is the term for the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom?

Back 21

Mass number

Front 22

What is the term for the chemical bond present in all metals that may be characterized as an extreme type of electron sharing in which the electrons move freely from atom to atom?

Back 22

Metallic bond

Front 23

What is the term for a naturally occurring, inorganic crystalline material with a unique chemical structure?

Back 23

mineral

Front 24

What is the term for the study of minerals?

Back 24

mineralogy

Front 25

What is the term for a series of ten minerals used as a standard in determining hardness?

Back 25

Mohs Scale

Front 26

What is the term for a subatomic particle found in the nucelus of an atom?

Back 26

Neutron

Front 27

What charge is a neutron?

Back 27

neutral

Front 28

What is the approx. mass of a neurton?

Back 28

Approx. = to that of a proton

Front 29

What is the term for the rule that states, "atoms combine in order that each may have the electron arrangement of a noble gas, that is the outer energy level contains 8 neutrons?

Back 29

Octet rule

Front 30

What is the term for 2 or more minerals having the same chemical composition but different crystalline structures?

Back 30

Polymorph

Front 31

Cite 2 examples of polymorphs:

Back 31

1. diamond form of carbon
2. graphite form of carbon

Front 32

What is the term for a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom?

Back 32

Proton

Front 33

What is the term for the spontaneous decay of certain unstable atomic nuclei?

Back 33

Radioactive decay

Front 34

What is the term for consolidated mixture of minerals?

Back 34

rock

Front 35

What is the term for any one of numerous minerals that have the silicon-oxygen tetrhedron as their basic structure?

Back 35

Silicate mineral

Front 36

What is the term for a structure composed of 4 oxygen atoms surrounding a silicon atom that constitutes the basic building block of silicate minerals?

Back 36

Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron

Front 37

What is the term for the ratio of a substance's weight to the weight of an equal volume of water

Back 37

Specific gravity

Front 38

What is the term for the color oa mineral in powdered form?

Back 38

Streak

Front 39

What is the term for the electrons involved in the bonding process?
These electrons occupy the highest principal energy level of an atom?

Back 39

Valence electron