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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lithosphere
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brittle
where there are earthquakes 100 km |
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asthenosphere
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plastic
flows over very long time scales (millions of years) |
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mesophere
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'solid'
will flow very slowly 100s of millions of years |
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outer core
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liquid
magnetic field generates high temperature |
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inner core
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solid
very high temp, high pressure |
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crust
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very light weight material
silicon & oxygen |
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mantle
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denser, heavier stuff
(lower part of lithosphere/ asthenosphere) |
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core
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very heavy stuff
iron & nickel radioactive decay (current source of heat) |
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P-wave
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body
any material longitudinal |
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S-wave
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body
transverse only solid |
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L wave
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(love waves)
surface waves transverse |
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R wave
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(rayleigh waves)
surface waves long/ tran |
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transverse wave
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particle motion perpendicular to wave propagation
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longitudinal wave
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particle motion parallel to wave propagation
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3 fault types
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normal
reverse strike slip |
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What kind of stress is normal fault?
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tensional stress
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What kind of stress is reverse fault?
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compressional stress
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What kind of stress is strike slip fault?
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shear stress
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oblique fault
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the fault combined dip slip & strike slip
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oceanic crust
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thin, under oceans
7-10 km young-> created/ destroyed continuously 200 million years/ denser |
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continental crust
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less dense then oceanic crust, deep roots up to 70 km thick as old as 4 billion yrs.
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isostasy
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iceberg-> floating equilibrium
light things float and have things sink high mountains have very deep crusted roots |
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Lord Kelvin
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Caclulated the earth to be 24 million years old
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radioactive decay
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current source of heat
heat generated in core & lower mantle |
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theory of plate tectonics
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plates move, created, destroyed
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mid ocean ridges do what?
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create oceanic crust
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subduction zone does what?
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destroy oceanic crust
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transform plates do what?
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plates move sideways
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how do we know that the continents was just a big mass of land?
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1. fit of continents
2. mountain belts matched across continental boundary 3.dwelling animal fossils found on widely spread continents |
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continents are made mostly of what? do they sink or are they light?
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granite which are light
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oceanic rocks are made of what? and are they heavy or light
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they are made of basalt which is heavier
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divergent plate boundary
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mid ocean ridge/ spreading ridge
plates move apart create new oceanic crust |
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convergent plate boundary
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(continent/ ocean convergence a.k.a. subduction zone)
plates move towards each other |
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subduction zones
do what? and what do we get? what kind of crust? how old? |
deep earthquakes
destroy oceanic crust we get volcanoes ocean crust 0-200 million yrs |
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example of subduction zone
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Wadate Benioff
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transform plate boundary
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crust moves horizontally
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seismic wave definition
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wave disturbance traveling through medium (air, water, rock)
energy is transfered from on particle to the next |
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amplitude
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height of strength of wave
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wave length
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distance between two successive crests
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frequency
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# of waves that pass by you in a given amount of time
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period
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duration (in time) of the wave cycle (T)
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wavefront
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where the front of a wave is at a given time
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ray
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direction the wave is moving perpendicular to wave front
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body waves
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travel through earth
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surface wave
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travel on outer part of earth
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travel time
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how long it takes to get between two points
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arrival time
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time determined on our seismogram
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p-wave
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arrives first fastest wave
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seismoscope
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measure direction of waves not time
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first type of seismic record
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chinese
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