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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is included in the definition of a mineral?
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-Naturally occurring inorganic solid
-Orderly internal structure -Definite chemical composition |
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A mafic volcanic rock would be
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Dark and fine-grained with a rapid cooling history
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What is the single most important characteristic of sedimentary rocks?
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Layering |
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Which of the rock types is most likely to contain fossils?
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Sedimentary |
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Which rock type can be the precursor rocks to metamorphic rocks?
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Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic |
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Which one of these shows the correct order, from low to high grade, of the foliated metamorphic rocks?
a) slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss b) schist, gneiss, slate, phyllite c) gneiss, slate, phyllite, schist d) phyllite, schist, gneiss, slate |
A |
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What is the mineralogical volcanic extrusive equivalent of the intrusive plutonic rock granite? |
rhyolite |
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What is the mineralogical volcanic extrusive equivalent of the intrusive plutonic rock diorite?
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andesite |
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What is the mineralogical volcanic extrusive equivalent of the intrusive plutonic rock gabbro? |
Basalt
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What sedimentary rock has mud-sized grains? |
Shale |
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What sedimentary rock has sand sized grains? |
sandstone |
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What sedimentary rock has gravel sized grains? |
conglomerate, breccia |
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What is the environment of formation for rock salt? |
Shallow evaporating sea |
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What is the environment of formation for limestone?
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Coral Reef
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What is the environment of formation for coal?
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Swamp |
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Baked zones caused by igneous intrusions result in what type of metamorphism? |
Contact |
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Grinding of rocks at fault zones result in what type of metamorphism? |
cataclastic |
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Large scale metamorphism at convergent boundaries |
regional |
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The possible precursor of quartzite is |
sandstone |
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The possible precursor of marble is
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limestone |
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The possible precursor of slate is
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shale |
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The possible precursor of gneiss is
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diorite |
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Rocks that form from the cooling and crystallization of hot, molten material |
Igneous |
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Rocks that form from the compaction and cementation of unconsolidated material |
Sedimentary |
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Rocks that form from the transformation of already existing rocks, through the actions of heat, pressure, fluids, and time |
Metamorphic |
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Igneous rocks that cool when magma reaches the earths surface are |
Extrusive or volcanic |
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Igneous rocks that cool before magma reaches the surface are |
intrusive or plutonic |
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The longer it takes igneous rocks to cool = |
the larger the crystals |
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Igneous rocks that experience a change in conditions during cooling |
porphyritic texture
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Lots of volatiles (fluids) remaining in melt, characterized by very large crystals
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pegmatitic texture
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volcanic rock with abundant vesicles
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Scoria |
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composed of fragments ejected during violent eruption
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Pyroclastic |
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a rock that consists of small ash-like fragments
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Tuff |
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large body of intrusive igneous rock
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Pluton |
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Pluton many square miles in area
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Batholith |
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flat-lying sheet of smaller plutons
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Sill |
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vertical sheet of plutons
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Dike |
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Physical breakdown of rocks |
Mechanical Weathering |
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water gets into cracks and freezes driving it further and further apart
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Frost wedging |
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as overlying rocks are eroded it reduces the pressure on rocks beneath which expand and peel off like onion layers
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unloading |
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decomposition or chemical alteration of rocks
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Chemical weathering |
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the transport of material via an agent
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Erosion |
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Mass- wasting |
Landslide |
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more and more sediment accumulates, squeezes out air and water in underlying sediment
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Compaction |
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water carrying chemicals travels through pores and voids, some chemicals precipitate between grains cementing them together
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Cementation |
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Examples of foliated metamorphic rocks |
Slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss |
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Examples of non-foliated metamorphic rocks |
Quartzite, marble
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Part of metamorphic rock begins to melt and recrystallize becoming igneous
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Migmatite
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