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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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igneous rocks
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most form underground
fine grain lava - smooth rock coarse grain |
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sedimenetary rocks
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due to breakdown/tectonic plates, water, and wind
clastic: clay to shale Clastic coarse: sand to tsandstone |
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metamorphic rocks
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existing rock deformed during plate tectonics
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pressure
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same in all directions
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stress
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not all direction
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contact metamorphism
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when heat is applied, cooking the rock
around magma |
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regional (heat, pressure, stress)
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completely changed
around mountain belts, continental collision |
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redfional (less heat, pressure, stress)
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less changed
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dynamic
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has glass
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uniformitarianism
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processes we observe and their results can also be applied to the same process and result that occurs at a time or place removed from us. Yesterday is like today.
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original horizontality
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states that rock is laid down in horizontal layers when it is formed, under all but the most unusual circumstances.
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superposition
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a rock body is older than the rock above it
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crosscutting relationships
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the fault is younger than the rock through which it cuts
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Toni Pellegrini
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suggested the continents moved around earth, was excommunicated
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2 ways we measure geological time
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absolute time: parent elements and daughter elements I(stabilized)
relative time |
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relative time
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uniformitarianism
original horizontality crosscutting superposition |
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formation of igneous rocks 2 ways
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magma erupts, cools quickly
slow cooling, because rocks keep heat in |
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bowens reaction series
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insight for why some small grain, some large, each mineral has its own temp for when it crystalized
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phaneritic
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coarse grained
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aphanitic
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fine grained
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grade
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the degree of metamorphism
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which factor of the protolith exerts the greatest control on the final composition appearance of a metamorphic rock?
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mineralogy
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folition
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the texture of a rock that forms when minerals preferentially align themselves perpendicular to the direction of the greatest pressure and or have layers of different minerals that segregate into discrete layers
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lithostatic
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the pressure is of equal magnitude in all directions
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differential (pressure)
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pressure is greater in one direction than another
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pelitic rock
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contains abundant clay minerals will produce a rock containing platy minerals such as muscovite or biotite
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foliated
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slaty, phyllitic, schistose, and gneissic
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