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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hdrologic cycle
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The hydrologic cycle is a summary of the circulation of Earth’s water supply
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Processes Involved
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Processes involved in the hydrologic cycle
-Evaporation -Transpiration -Precipitation -Infiltration -Runoff |
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running water - begins as sheet flow
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Infiltration capacity is controlled by
-Intensity and duration of rainfall -Prior wetted condition of the soil -Soil texture -Slope of the land -Nature of the vegetative cover -Sheet flow develops into tiny channels called rills |
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Running water - drainage networks
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Drainage networks
-The land area that contributes water to a stream is called the drainage basin -The drainage pattern consists of the interconnected network of streams in an area -A drainage basin of one stream is separated from the drainage basin of another by an imaginary line called a divide |
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running water - streamflow
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Streamflow
-Two types of flow determined primarily by velocity -Laminar flow -Turbulent flow -Factors that determine velocity -Gradient, or slope -Channel characteristics including shape, size, and roughness -Discharge – the volume of water moving past a given point in a certain amount of time |
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narrow valleys
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Narrow valleys
V-shaped Downcutting toward base level Features often include rapids and waterfalls |
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wide valleys
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Wide valleys
Stream is near base level Downward erosion is less dominant Stream energy is directed from side to side forming a floodplain Features of wide valleys often include Floodplains Erosional floodplains Depositional floodplains Meanders Cut bank and point bar Cutoffs and oxbow lakes |
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floods and flood control
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Floods are the most common and most destructive geologic hazard
Causes of flooding Result from naturally occurring and human-induced factors |
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types of floods
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Types of floods
Regional floods Flash floods Ice-jam floods Dam failure |
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flood control
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Flood control
Engineering efforts Artificial levees Flood-control dams Channelization – Mississippi River flow path shortened by more than 240 km. Nonstructural approach through sound floodplain management |
