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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How old is the earth? |
4.6 billion |
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Who discovered this? |
Clair Patterson 1956 |
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How did he do it? |
Radiometric dating |
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What do we date to tell how old the earth is? |
Meteorites |
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Which meteorite did Clair use to date earth? |
Canyon diablo |
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Oldest rocks on earth? |
Gneisses in Canada |
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How old are the oldest rocks? |
4.03 billion years old |
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What are the oldest minerals? |
Zircon crystals in Australia |
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How old are the minerals? |
4.4 billion |
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When did james usher think earth formed? |
Sat. October 22, 4004 @ 6 pm |
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Who was nicolaus steno? |
First person to provide a natural explanation for fossils. |
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What did nicholas reveal about rock layers? |
Came up with method to reading the geologic history in rock layers. (Wrote fundamental principles) |
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What are the principles? |
Superposition Original horizontality Lateral continuity |
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What is uniformitarianism? |
The present is the key to the past |
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Who is James Hutton? |
Father of modern geology. Geologic processes takes a long time. |
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How did lord Kelvin try to firgure out the age of the earth? |
Studying the rate of heat loss |
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Which rock can be radioactivity dated? |
Igneous |
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What is intrusion? |
A body of magma that pushes it's way into the Earth's crust and cools |
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Is intrusions coarse grained? |
Yes |
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What is an extrusion? |
Magma from an erupted volcano to form bubbly lava and cools |
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How are metamorphic rocks made? |
Mechanical deformation and recrystallization |
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3 most common types of cement |
Calcite Quartz Iron oxides and hydroxides |
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Steps in lithification |
Compaction Cementation Recrystallization |
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Most common sedimentary rock |
Shale |
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Second most common sed rock |
Sandstone |
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What is stratigraphy? |
Arrangement of sediments in layers |
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What is a stratum? |
Single layer of sedimentary rock |
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Bedding planes |
The break in layers of sediment |
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What is principal of superposition? |
Undisturbed layered rock |
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What is lateral continuity? |
A segment that is separated between a line of layers |
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Other principles of stratigraphy |
Intrusive relationships Cross cutting relationships Inclusions Fossil succession |
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Facies |
The look of a rock |
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Transgression |
Limestone Shale Sandstone |
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Regression |
Sandstone Shale Limestone |
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Cross bedding |
Sand dune stuff |
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Graded bedding |
Sedimentary layers, coarse on the bottom and fine at top |
