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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The greater frequency with which humans are exposed/subject to natural disasters is in great part a result of:
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Population growth leading to occupation of areas with greater risk
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During the last century the greatest number of natural disaster-caused fatalities occurred in the following region
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Asia
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During the last thirty years the majority of the costliest natural disasters occurred in the following country
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USA
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When we make plans and take actions to reduce or eliminate the threat of future deaths and destruction from natural disasters we use the process of
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Mitigation
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In a typical year, the worldwide death toll from natural disasters is _________ people.
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10,000 to 100,000
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The energy source of tornados and hurricanes is the ________ while that of earthquakes and volcanoes is ___________
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Sun (Insolation) and Earth’s Internal Heat
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The costliest natural disaster of the 20th Century, with a cost of over 20 billion US dollars, was the:
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1992 Hurricane Andrew in the US
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The earth’s outer core is:
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Liquid
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In general, the larger and more energetic the disaster event,
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The longer the return period between such events.
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Tides on earth are produced by the:
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Gravitational pull of the moon and sun
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The vast majority of heat energy that reaches the Earth's surface today comes from
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The sun
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The excess solar energy arriving near the earth’s equator (20°N to 20°S) is redistributed to higher latitudes by:
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The hydrologic cycle (latent heat)
b. Ocean circulation (sensible heat) c. Air circulation (wind) |
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The polarity of the Earth’s magnetic field has
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changed several times in the past 10 million years
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The oldest rocks on the ocean floors are about ________ years in age.
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200 million
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A place on Earth where a plume of magma has risen upward from the mantle and through a plate to reach the surface, producing volcanoes like those of the Hawaiian islands, is a:
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Hot-Spot
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The process of one lithospheric plate descending beneath another one produces a:
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Subduction Zone
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A triple junction is
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where three tectonic plates meet.
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Stenos' Law of Original Continuity states that:
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Sediment layers are laid down continuously until either sediment runs out and the layer thins out laterally or reaches an obstruction
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What type of motion produces a dip-slip normal fault?
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Extension
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Seismic waves arrive at a seismic station in the following order:
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P waves first, then S waves, and L waves last
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The two largest moment-magnitude earthquakes recorded by seismographs in history are:
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A magnitude 9.5 in 1960 in Chile and a magnitude 9.2 in Alaska in 1964.
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When a building’s swaying (vibration) frequency coincides with seismic waves vibration frequency, a phenomena known as _______ leads to amplification/intensification of the damage.
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Resonance
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Which is NOT a construction technique used to decrease the amount of damage done to buildings in an earthquake?
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Build raised buildings, such as on stilts
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Over 70,000 people were killed during the Lisbon Portugal earthquake most were killed by __________ and the ________ that followed.
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Collapsing buildings; tsunami
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Most of the damage caused by the 1946 Alaska April 1st earthquake was the result of
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A Tsunami affecting Alaska and Hawaii
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A tsunami arrives at shores thousands of miles from the source as a series of several waves separated by
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Tens of minutes
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A tsunami moves:
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Fastest in the deep ocean
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Ancient Tsunamis in lake Tahoe, Nevada were produced by water being displaced by the sudden movement of material and caused by which of the following:
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landslide
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Which of these wave types cannot pass through the Earth’s liquid core?
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S
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The rigid ________ is fragmented into blocks or plates that float atop the ________ :
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Lithosphere and Astenosphere
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The recycling of material by the Tectonic Cycle requires:
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Over 250 million years
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When is the best time for an earthquake to occur in California to minimize loss of life?
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During the night, when most people are at home and asleep in smaller buildings.
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The deadliest earthquake in recorded history, as far as we know, occurred in 1556, when about ___________ Chinese were killed, but the deadliest earthquake disaster of the 20th century occurred in 1976, killing about _______________, also in China.
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830,000 and 240,000, respectively
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The largest or gigantic earthquakes, like the recent Sumatra earthquake, occur along:
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subduction zones
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When a continental plate collides with another continental plate,
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A large mountain range is formed
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When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate,
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The oceanic plate is subducted
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The most essential factor in controlling secondary earthquake damage, like fires or tsunamis, is:
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Speed of response
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Richter Scale Magnitude is a measurement of:
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The amount of energy released by the fault rupture.
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The earliest method of locating an earthquake epicenter is based in the difference in time of arrival of ______ and ________ waves and required the uses of at least three distant seismic stations.
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p and s
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For earthquakes of moment magnitude 8 and larger in comparison to a magnitude 7,
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The duration of shaking is significantly longer
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Frequent disaster occurrences are ____ in magnitude, rare occurrences are ____ in magnitude.
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low; high
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The amount of heat energy received on Earth from the sun is
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many times more than the amount of energy put into the atmosphere by volcanoes
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Energy radiated into space from Earth
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generally has longer wavelengths than energy Earth receives from the sun.
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Water has ___________ heat capacity and _________ latent heat of vaporization relative to other substances.
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very high; very high
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The most common gas contained in volcanic eruptions is ___________.
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water vapor
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About __________ of the world’s earthquakes occur around the Pacific Ocean rim
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3/4
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The outer core of the Earth is ___________ and the inner core is _____________.
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liquid,solid
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The mass density of layers deep in the earth generally
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increases with increasing depth.
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When radioactive elements break down into daughter products, radiation can be emitted in all but which of the following forms?
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delta radiation
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The Red Sea is
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located astride a spreading ridge.
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Iceland is located
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astride a spreading ridge.
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Hurricanes start as
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tropical disturbances.
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The Tangshan, China, earthquake of 1976 killed roughly the same number of people as
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the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004.
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The idea that the same geologic events that happened in the past occur today is the principle of _________.
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Uniformitarianism
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As far as we know, the largest loss of human life occurred in which natural disaster?
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Earthquake in China in 1556
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The 2 major types of faults are
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dip slip and strike-slip.
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The San Andreas Fault displays what type of displacement?
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horizontal
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Radioactive heat within the Earth
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has decreased since the Earth formed.
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The polarity of the Earth’s magnetic field has
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changed several times in the last 10 million years
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The Sun’s nuclear engine runs on ________
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hydrogen atoms undergoing fusion to form helium.
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Continental crust is, on average, _________________ oceanic crust
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about 10 times as old and about six times as thick as
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The Pacific plate is _____________ the Juan de Fuca plate.
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much larger than
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The Hawaiian hotspot shows a track of Pacific Plate movement that has been
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consistent since a major apparent change about 43 million years ago.
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The Pacific Plate is moving ______________relative to the North American Plate
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Northwestward
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A rock sitting precariously at the edge of a cliff has _______.
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potential energy
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The two dominant elements in the Earth’s crust are
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silica and oxygen
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The location of the San Andreas Fault is
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the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates.
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Which of the following waves moves fastest?
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p-wave
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Which of the following is essentially a sound wave?
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p-wave
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The size of an earthquake depends on all but which of the following:
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perceptions of people who feel it
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We know of the presence of the earth’s core because of
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the behavior of S-waves
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The Modified Mercalli Scale is a
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measure of seismic damage caused by an earthquake
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A person with a sledgehammer can generate seismic waves equal to an earthquake with Richter magnitude ___.
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minus 4
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The Aleutian trench is consuming
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the pacific plate
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The trend of annual fire related deaths in the us over the last 20 years has
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decreased, despite population increase
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what city was partially destroyed in a large fire in 1906?
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san fransisco
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what is least likely to occur in kansas in the next 100 years?
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a volcanic eruption
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when flooding occurs along a river, as you go farther downstream
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the flooding gets less severe as water spreads out in time and space
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sinkholes in kansas are least likely to be related to the dissolution of
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granite
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the part of Kansas that was glaciated 700,000 years ago was
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the northeaster
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in comparison to the inner planets, the outer planets have
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lower mass density
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A stream with very little bed load will result in what type of channel pattern?
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straight
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urbanization usually results in an increase in flood frequency because
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less water is able to infiltrate into the grounbd, which creates runoff
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hydrographs fromn urban settings in comparison to rural settings
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show floods are of higher peak flow in urban settings
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what condition led to the 1993 flood in the mid-continental us?
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a jet stream locked in place over north central plains for an unusually long time
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in 1976 a flash flood near estes park, colorado, killed at least 139 people. this flood was on
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the big thompson river
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fire burns faster
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up a slope
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heat expanded air
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is less dense than cool air
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transfer heat does not occur by
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refusion
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at 3.8 billion years ago blank were alive and thriving
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archea
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vertebrates appeared on land
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after fish appeared in the ocean
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inside the eye of a hurricane
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air pressure is low
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relatively few impact craters have been discovered on earth because
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weathering, erosion and tectonic processes mask them
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the solar wind is
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the stream of subatomic particles flying outward from the sun
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the atmospheric pressure above the mound of water in a hurricane storm-surge is
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lower than the air pressure in the surrounding area
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as a hurricane forms, the air
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rises, cools, and releases the latent heat of vaporization, thus heating up the core
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during an el nino condition, atlantic hurricanes are
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less likely to occur
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salt dissolution sinkholes related to drilling for oil occur in
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central kansas
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