Geol-111 Glaciers

Front 1

Small glaciers that are confined to valleys:

Back 1

Mountain Glaciers
-alpine or valley

Front 2

Where are all of the world's glaciers located?

Back 2

85% in Antarctica
10% in Greenland
5% everywhere else

Front 3

A mass of ice and snow that moves under its own weight:

Back 3

Glacier

Front 4

What are the 2 types of glaciers?

Back 4

1) Mountain Glaciers
-alpine or valley

2) Ice Sheets
-continental glaciers

Front 5

How much of the Earth's surface is covered by glaciers today?

Back 5

10%

Front 6

A gritty or granular type of ice:

Back 6

Firn

Front 7

Which state has the most glaciers in the U.S.?

Back 7

Alaska

Front 8

What type of glaciers are found in the U.S.?

Back 8

Only alpine/valley glaciers

Front 9

Fractures in the upper 40-50 meters of a glacier:

Back 9

Crevasse

Front 10

Process in which glaciers break into pieces because of fractures caused by crevasses:

Back 10

Calving

Front 11

How much of an iceberg is below the water?

Back 11

90%

Front 12

Movement in which a glacier slides along its base:

Back 12

Basal sliding (i.e. bar of soap sliding when wet)

Front 13

Very dense ice that forms over very long periods of time:

Back 13

Glacial ice

Front 14

What/ are crevasse's shaped like

Back 14

V shaped

Front 15

Huge glaciers that cover immense areas that can be up to 1-3 miles thick:

Back 15

Ice Sheets
-continental glaciers

Front 16

Process in which plucked fragments are scraped across underlying rock:

Back 16

Abrasion

Front 17

A bowl-shaped depression that forms at the head of a valley glacier:

Back 17

Cirque

Front 18

What are often the sites of spectacular waterfalls?

Back 18

Hanging valleys

Front 19

Pieces of glaciers that have broken loose due to calving:

Back 19

Icebergs

Front 20

What shape are glacial valleys?

Back 20

U shaped

Front 21

A large boulder that is transported by glacial ice:

Back 21

Erratic

Front 22

What are the 2 mechanisms of erosion by glaciers?

Back 22

1) plucking
2) abrasion

Front 23

Which type of glaciers are the largest?

Back 23

Ice sheets (continental glaciers)

Front 24

Scratches or grooves that are formed by abrasion?

Back 24

Striations

Front 25

What are the 2 major types of depositional material carried by glaciers?

Back 25

1) till
2) outwash

Front 26

A sharp, narrow ridge that separates adjacent cirques:

Back 26

Arete

Front 27

Poorly sorted, poorly stratified material that is deposited by glacial ice:

Back 27

Till

Front 28

What shape are stream valleys?

Back 28

V shaped

Front 29

Pulverized rock fragments that are produced when abrasion scrapes the plucked rocks across underlying rock:

Back 29

Rock flour

Front 30

How is glacial ice formed?

Back 30

Snow
Firm
Glacial ice

Front 31

Which glacier moves away from a central area and spreads out in all directions?

Back 31

Ice sheets (continental glaciers)

Front 32

What are the 5 erosional features/landscapes formed by MOUNTAIN GLACIERS?

Back 32

1) cirque
2) arete
3) horn
4) hanging valley
5) U-shaped valley

Front 33

What type of deposit is till?

Back 33

Ice deposit

Front 34

What makes up the snow found in glacial ice?

Back 34

SNOW
-90% air
-10% ice

Front 35

Which section of a glacier is very rigid and will not flow?

Back 35

The upper 40-50 meters

Front 36

V shaped valley:

Back 36

Stream valley

Front 37

A ridge of till that is deposited when a glacier is stationary:

Back 37

Moraine

Front 38

What type of deposit is outwash?

Back 38

Water deposit

Front 39

A sharp peak at the top of an arete:

Back 39

Horn

Front 40

What makes up the firn found in glacial ice?

Back 40

FIRN
25-50% air

Front 41

Whether a glacier is advancing or retreating, it is always...

Back 41

Flowing/moving (unless it is inactive)

Front 42

U shaped valley:

Back 42

Glacial valley

Front 43

What feature is often found at the sites of hanging valleys?

Back 43

Waterfalls

Front 44

How much of glacial ice is composed of air?

Back 44

10-20%

Front 45

Well-sorted, well-stratified material that is deposited by glacial ice:

Back 45

Outwash

Front 46

What are the 3 erosional features/landscapes formed by ICE SHEETS?

Back 46

1) kettle
2) esker
3) drumlin

Front 47

How is flow by alpine/valley glaciers different to that of continental glaciers?

Back 47

Alpine/valley glaciers flow downhill as rivers do, and continental glaciers flow outward in all directions from a central area.

Front 48

Glaciers will ____ when more snow or ice is being added to the glacier and it will ____ if more snow is melting then is being added.

Back 48

Advance, retreat

Front 49

A valley, carved by a glacier, whose sides are very steep and whose floor is rounded:

Back 49

U-shaped valley

Front 50

Process in which water melts into bedrock cracks and refreezes, prying fragments of rock loose:

Back 50

Plucking

Front 51

Tributary glacier valleys, where the main glacier cuts its deeper than the tributary glaciers:

Back 51

Hanging valley (U-shaped)