Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
E15 January 2011
Plate Margins |
Constructive margin: Mid Atlantic Ridge Mid Atlantic Ridge
Eurasian and NA plate
|
|
|
Landforms: |
Preliminary ash predicted eruption 2.5km Caldera melting ice 9km Ash plume Explosive eruption despite basaltic lava |
|
|
Costs and damage caused: |
Flooding wiped away infrastructure £200 million lost globally Commercial airlines lost £20 billion BMW JIT changed tactic Exotic flowers died in Kenya |
|
|
Human Cost: |
0 deaths (good awareness technology AO2) Farmers closest lost crops and livestock from ash People needed to wear masks due to ash 700 people moved immediately due to flooding |
|
|
Response |
Volcano well monitored and partly predicted
EU has strong links to the country (High GDP)
Country on a whole dealt with the problem domestically Change to what level planes could fly with ash in the air |
|
|
Local |
People closest to danger zone evacuated Certain water supplies contaminated by ash |
|
|
Large Scale |
50,000 international farmers unemployed temporarily |
|
|
Ontake Japan 2014 September AC
Landforms |
15km pyroclastic flows, 250 hikers
Ash released (invisible to pilots AO2)
Volcanic bombs (closeby hikers at high risk) |
|
|
Ontake Japan 2014 September AC
Plate Margins |
Destructive margin
3 plates in contact Eurasian, Philippine, Pacific plates |
|
|
Costs and damage causes |
Airspace disrupted due to ash (slowing down aid if hikers needed help AO2) High up remote location very little damage to infrastructure |
|
|
Human cost |
63 people dead Site of popular tourist and spiritual significance |
|
|
Response |
1000 Japanese police and rescue people Military also helping disaster effort |
|
|
Local |
Climbers were the most endangered and who suffered the most Local authorities takes control of the situation due to an unexpected eruption |
|
|
Large Scale |
Not much need for international aid (only lasted a month with few long term damages AO2) Military was sent in to ensure adequate aid was provided Airspace deemed unsafe lowering international support |
|
|
Merapi 2010 October LIC Plate Margins |
Destructive margin, Indo-Australian plate, Eurasian plate 1500s constant activity Pacific ring of fire |
|
|
Landforms |
Pyroclastic flows
15km distance of ashfall
Sulphur Dioxide spread over 10km
4 VEI eruption |
|
|
Cost and damage caused |
Crops badly damaged (increased prices of food AO2) Aircraft as far as Australia was not deemed safe to takeoff |
|
|
Human cost |
360,000 people displaced 400 deaths |
|
|
Response |
210 Evacuation centres 1600 military and volunteers Red Cross International Aid 2600 new permanent housing Government paying out to farmers and families |
|
|
Large Scale |
360,000 people displaced Large loss of life due to poor warning systems and religious connections to the volcano |
|
|
Etna July 2001 AC Plate Margins |
African plate under Eurasian plate Destructive margin |
|
|
Landforms |
Pyroclastic flow 1000C melting snow (2 weeks to reach Refugio Sapienza |
|
|
Costs and damage caused |
Km of ski lift wiped out Closure of Catanias airport Agriculture downslope badly affected |
|
|
Human cost |
0 deaths 25% of population live on slope |
|
|
Response |
Army equipment diverts lava flow Dropping if concrete blocks from international US sponsor Nicolosi village attempted to pray the event away |
|
|
Large scale |
Tourist industry damaged due to extensive slope resort destruction US support and aid to divert eruption |
|
|
Krakatoa 2018 Volcano & Tsunami Plate Margins |
Destructive |
