Geography - Y2

Front 1

Back 1

Overview of Geographic Terms

Front 2

Back 2

Mathematical Geography: a description of the earth using numbers and measurements

Front 3

Back 3

Universe: all of Heavenly Father and Jesus' creations

Front 4

Back 4

Galaxy: a very large group of stars and all matter surrounding them

Front 5

Back 5

Solar System: the sun together with the planets and matter that are held by its attraction and revovle around it

Front 6

Back 6

The Earth's Motion: how the earth moves in the solar system

Front 7

Back 7

Orbit: the path Earth takes around the sun; it takes one year or 365 days to orbit the sun once.

Front 8

Back 8

Seasons: the four quarters into which the year is divided by a particular kind of weather; winter, spring, summer, or fall; Seasons are based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun.

Front 9

Back 9

Axis: a central, straight, imaginary line about which the earth rotates; One rotation equals one day, or 24 hours.

Front 10

Back 10

The Earth's Surface and Measurements

Front 11

Back 11

Form: shape of Earth; Earth is actually a sphere flattened along the axis from pole to pole such that there is a bulge around the equator.

Front 12

Back 12

Dimension: the size of the earth

Front 13

Back 13

Great Circles

Front 14

Back 14

Equator: the great horizontal circle of the earth that divides the earth into two equal parts

Front 15

Back 15

Hemisphere: half of a sphere or globe; one of the halves of the earth. there are four hemispheres: northern, southern, eastern, and western.

Front 16

Back 16

Prime Meridian: the meridian of 0 degrees longitude from which all other longitude lines are measured

Front 17

Back 17

Longitude Lines: imaginary lines equally distant from the poles. Longitude is computed from 0-80 degrees East and West of the Prime Meridian at Greenwich, England.

Front 18

Back 18

Small Circles

Front 19

Back 19

Parallels/Latitude Lines: imaginary horizontal lines moving by degrees north and south from the equator

Front 20

Back 20

Climate Circles/Tropics: TROPIC OF CANCER- the latitude line that is about 23 1/2 degrees north of the equator; the north most latitude reached by the overhead sun TROPIC OF CAPRICORN - the latitude line that is about 23 1/2 degrees south of the equator; the southernmost latitude reached by the overhead sun

Front 21

Back 21

Polar Circles: either of the two parallels of latitude each at a distance from a pole of the earth equal to about 23 degrees

Front 22

Back 22

Time Zones: a region on the earth where the same standard time is used

Front 23

Back 23

International Date Line: an imaginary line near the 180th meridian marked as the place where each calendar day begins

Front 24

Back 24

Poles: the ends of the axis of the earth

Front 25

Back 25

Globes and Maps

Front 26

Back 26

Physical Geography

Front 27

Back 27

Physical Composition of Earth (inside): what the inside of the earth is made of

Front 28

Back 28

Crust: the outside layer of the earth; the thinnest layer; made mostly of rock; 3-34 miles thick

Front 29

Back 29

Mantle: the thickest layer of the earth at about 1,800 miles; hottest layer made mostly of rock

Front 30

Back 30

Outer Core: made of melted minerals; extremely hot; liquid

Front 31

Back 31

Inner Core: made of minerals; solid

Front 32

Back 32

Natural Divisions of Earth

Front 33

Back 33

Atmosphere: entire mass of fluid, air, and vapors, surrounding the earth

Front 34

Back 34

Climate: average weather conditions over a period of years Weather: the condition of the atmosphere

Front 35

Back 35

Temperature: degrees of hotness or coldness

Front 36

Back 36

Wind: movement of the air

Front 37

Back 37

Breeze: light wind on land or water

Front 38

Back 38

Trade Winds: winds that blow steadily from east to west and toward the equator over most of the tropics

Front 39

Back 39

Hurricane: a tropical storm with winds of 74 miles per hour or faster

Front 40

Back 40

Tornado: violent, destructive, whirling wind

Front 41

Back 41

Vapor/Humidity: fine, separated particles of water floating in and clouding the air

Front 42

Back 42

Precipitation/Rain: water falling in drops from the clouds

Front 43

Back 43

Air Pressure: the force pressing on you by the weight of tiny particles of air

Front 44

Back 44

Hydrosphere: the water contained on the earth

Front 45

Back 45

Oceanic Waters: waters found in the ocean

Front 46

Back 46

Ocean: One of the four large bodies of salt water on the earth

Front 47

Back 47

Wave: a moving ridge or swell on the surface of a body of water

Front 48

Back 48

Current: a stream of water moving in a definite direction throught the ocean; some are warm, some are cold

Front 49

Back 49

Bay: a body of water smaller than a gulf that is nearly surrounded by land

Front 50

Back 50

Gulf: extension of an ocean or sea into the land

Front 51

Back 51

Sea: a large body of water partly or completely enclosed by land

Front 52

Back 52

Strait: a narrow stretch of water that connects two larger bodies of water

Front 53

Back 53

Sound: a body of water separating one or more islands from the mainland

Front 54

Back 54

Harbor: a sheltered place where ships may anchor safely

Front 55

Back 55

Iceberg: a large floating mass of ice detached from a glacier

Front 56

Back 56

Trench: a long, steep-sided, narrow depression in the ocean floor

Front 57

Back 57

Coral Reef: a ridge of rock or sand at or near the surface of water

Front 58

Back 58

Continental Shelf: a shallow, underwater plain forming a border around a continent, usually ending with a steep slope to the deep ocean floor

Front 59

Back 59

Continental Waters: waters found on the continent

Front 60

Back 60

River/Stream: a large stream of water flowing through land

Front 61

Back 61

Upstream: the direction from which a river flows

Front 62

Back 62

Downstream: the direction toward which a river flows

Front 63

Back 63

Source: the place where a river begins, usually in highlands

Front 64

Back 64

Tributary: a river or stream that flows into a larger river

Front 65

Back 65

Mouth: the place where a river flows into a larger body of water

Front 66

Back 66

Delta: land deposited at the mouth of a river

Front 67

Back 67

Lake: an inland body of water, smaller than a sea

Front 68

Back 68

Fresh Water Lake: a lake which has water entering in and out of it

Front 69

Back 69

Salt Water Lake: a lake which has water entering, but it has no outlet

Front 70

Back 70

Channel: a deep, narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water; the deeper part of a waterway

Front 71

Back 71

Canal: a man-made ditch for transportation or irrigation

Front 72

Back 72

Reservoir: a lake where water is stored for future use; sometimes formed by a dam

Front 73

Back 73

Glacier: a large body of slowly moving ice

Front 74

Back 74

Ice Sheet: a glacier forming on an extensive area of relatively level land and flowing outward from its center

Front 75

Back 75

Groundwater: the water found beneath the surface of the ground; the source of water in springs and wells

Front 76

Back 76

Water Plants: water plants common to the area

Front 77

Back 77

Water Animals: water animals common in the area

Front 78

Back 78

Lithosphere: the portion of the earth that is land

Front 79

Back 79

Landforms: land distinguished by its shape or form

Front 80

Back 80

Continents: seven large bodies of land on the earth

Front 81

Back 81

Peninsula: a body of land almost surrounded by water

Front 82

Back 82

Isthmus: a narrow strip of land that connects two larger bodies of land

Front 83

Back 83

Cape: a point of land sticking out into a body of water

Front 84

Back 84

Island: land entirely surrounded by water; smaller than a continent

Front 85

Back 85

Archipelago: a group of islands

Front 86

Back 86

Fjord: a narrow inlet of the sea with steep banks made by a glacier

Front 87

Back 87

Sea Coast: land next to the sea

Front 88

Back 88

Topography: land distinguished by its elevation

Front 89

Back 89

Mountain: high, rocky land, usually with steep sides and a pointed or rounded top, larger than a hill

Front 90

Back 90

Divide: a height of land that separates river basins

Front 91

Back 91

Mountain Range: a group of mountains bordered by lowlands

Front 92

Back 92

Volcano: a mountain formed of rock or ash thrown up from inside the earth

Front 93

Back 93

Plateau: a region that is mostly high and flat

Front 94

Back 94

Hill: a raised part of the earth's surface, with sloping sides; smaller than a mountain

Front 95

Back 95

Plain: broad, level land

Front 96

Back 96

Valley: lowland between hills or mountains

Front 97

Back 97

Basin: a region drained by a river; land largely enclosed by higher land

Front 98

Back 98

Canyon: a deep, narrow valley with steep walls

Front 99

Back 99

Cliff: a high, steep wall of rock

Front 100

Back 100

Rift: a separation of the earth formed by an earthquake

Front 101

Back 101

Land Plants: land plants common to the area

Front 102

Back 102

Land Animals: land animals living common to the area

Front 103

Back 103

Political Geography: the artificial divisions of the earth and its people

Front 104

Back 104

Boundaries: lines marking separation; borders

Front 105

Back 105

Population: number of people in a country or area

Front 106

Back 106

Religion: organized system of faith and worship

Front 107

Back 107

Economics: the buying and selling of products and services

Front 108

Back 108

Region: a subdivision within a country or continent

Front 109

Back 109

Countries and Capitals: a nation and its seat of government

Front 110

Back 110

Form of Government: how a country is ruled

Front 111

Back 111

Major Languages: the most common form of communication in a nation

Front 112

Back 112

Culture/Ethnography: a description of human culture

Front 113

Back 113

Atlantic Ocean

Front 114

Back 114

Arctice Ocean

Front 115

Back 115

Mediterranean Sea

Front 116

Back 116

Black Sea

Front 117

Back 117

Baltic Sea

Front 118

Back 118

North Sea

Front 119

Back 119

Adriatic Sea

Front 120

Back 120

Agean Sea

Front 121

Back 121

Norwegian Sea

Front 122

Back 122

Ionian Sea

Front 123

Back 123

Tyrrhenian Sea

Front 124

Back 124

Barents Sea

Front 125

Back 125

English Channel

Front 126

Back 126

Strait of Dover

Front 127

Back 127

Strait of Gibralter

Front 128

Back 128

Gulf of Bothnia

Front 129

Back 129

Gulf of Finland

Front 130

Back 130

Bay of Biscay

Front 131

Back 131

Volga River

Front 132

Back 132

Danube River

Front 133

Back 133

Rhine River

Front 134

Back 134

Thames River

Front 135

Back 135

Po River

Front 136

Back 136

Loire River

Front 137

Back 137

Seine River

Front 138

Back 138

Rhone River

Front 139

Back 139

Elbe River

Front 140

Back 140

Oder River

Front 141

Back 141

Ebro River

Front 142

Back 142

Tagus River

Front 143

Back 143

Pechora River

Front 144

Back 144

North Dvina River

Front 145

Back 145

Don River

Front 146

Back 146

Dnieper River

Front 147

Back 147

Dniester River

Front 148

Back 148

Vistula River

Front 149

Back 149

Iceland

Front 150

Back 150

British Isles

Front 151

Back 151

Sicily

Front 152

Back 152

Crete

Front 153

Back 153

Sardinia

Front 154

Back 154

Corsica

Front 155

Back 155

Balearic Islands

Front 156

Back 156

Iberian

Front 157

Back 157

Scandanavian

Front 158

Back 158

Appenine

Front 159

Back 159

Balkan

Front 160

Back 160

Jutland

Front 161

Back 161

kola

Front 162

Back 162

Alps (The Real Matterhorn Is Located Here!)

Front 163

Back 163

Ural

Front 164

Back 164

Appenines

Front 165

Back 165

Pyrenees

Front 166

Back 166

Carpathians

Front 167

Back 167

Caucausus

Front 168

Back 168

Northwest

Front 169

Back 169

Great European Plain

Front 170

Back 170

Atlantic Region

Front 171

Back 171

Dublin, Ireland

Front 172

Back 172

Belfast, Northern Ireland

Front 173

Back 173

Edinburgh, Scotland

Front 174

Back 174

London, England

Front 175

Back 175

Cardiff, Wales

Front 176

Back 176

Lisbon, Portugal

Front 177

Back 177

Madrid, Spain

Front 178

Back 178

Andorra La Vella, Andorra

Front 179

Back 179

Paris, France

Front 180

Back 180

Brussels, Belgium

Front 181

Back 181

Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Front 182

Back 182

Scandanavia & Baltic Region

Front 183

Back 183

Copenhagen, Denmark

Front 184

Back 184

Reykjavik, Iceland

Front 185

Back 185

Oslo, Norway

Front 186

Back 186

Stockholm, Sweden

Front 187

Back 187

Helsinki, Finland

Front 188

Back 188

Tallinn, Estonia

Front 189

Back 189

Riga, Latvia

Front 190

Back 190

Vilnius, Lithuania

Front 191

Back 191

Central Region

Front 192

Back 192

Amsterdam, Netherlands

Front 193

Back 193

Berlin, Germany

Front 194

Back 194

Warsaw, Poland

Front 195

Back 195

Prague, Czech Republic

Front 196

Back 196

Bratislava, Slovakia

Front 197

Back 197

Bern, Switzerland

Front 198

Back 198

Vaduz, Liechtenstein

Front 199

Back 199

Vienna, Austria

Front 200

Back 200

Ljubljana, Slovenia

Front 201

Back 201

Northeastern Region

Front 202

Back 202

Moscow, Russia

Front 203

Back 203

Kiev, Ukraine

Front 204

Back 204

Kishinev, Moldova

Front 205

Back 205

Minsk, Belarus

Front 206

Back 206

Mediterranean Region

Front 207

Back 207

Athens, Greece

Front 208

Back 208

Monaco, Monaco

Front 209

Back 209

Rome, Italy

Front 210

Back 210

Vatican City

Front 211

Back 211

San Marino, San Marino

Front 212

Back 212

Valetta, Malta

Front 213

Back 213

Balkan-Danueb Region

Front 214

Back 214

Istanbul, Turkey

Front 215

Back 215

Sofia, Bulgaria

Front 216

Back 216

Skopje, Macedonia

Front 217

Back 217

Tirane, Albania

Front 218

Back 218

Belgrade, Serbia

Front 219

Back 219

Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovinia

Front 220

Back 220

Zagreb, Croatia

Front 221

Back 221

Budapest, Hungary

Front 222

Back 222

Bucharest, Romania

Front 223

Back 223

Podgorica, Montenegro