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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Standard Language |
language variety used by a group of people in their public discourse. Alternatively, varieties become standard by undergoing a process of standardization |
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Conquest Theory |
the theory regarding the diffusion of the Proto-Indo-European language into Europe through the speakers overpowering of earlier residents through technology and warfare |
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Agricultural Theory |
theory regarding the diffusion of the proto-indo European language into Europe through the innovation of agriculture |
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Language Replacement |
obliteration of an entire culture through war, disease, assimilation, or any combination of the three |
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Bilingual |
fluent in two languages |
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Multilingual states |
country in wich two or more languages are spoken |
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Monolingual States |
country in wich only one language is primarily spoken |
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Descriptive names |
A company name or trademark wich clearly describes the good or service with wich it is associated |
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Associative names |
associate the place with what it's known for |
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Incident Names |
consists of a reference to an event |
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Possessive Names |
a place is named after someone |
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Commemorative Names |
refers to the naming of natural or cultural features after persons or events, as a way to honor or memorialize the person or event |
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Commendatory Names |
ascribe some pleasant, appealing or providential quality of a particular place or location |
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Manufactured Names |
made up names (Truth or Consequences, New Mexico) |
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Mistake Name |
names involving historic errors in identification or translation (Lasker, North Carolina named after the state of Alaska) |
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Sound Shifts |
slight change in a word across related languages from the present backward toward its origin. |
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Esperanto |
a constructed international language developed in the late 1880's and promoted after WW I to be a universal second language (lingua franca) to foster peace. |
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Language |
defined as a systematic way of communicating ideas and feelings with the use of conventional signs and gestures, especially voice. |
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Toponymy |
the study of place names |
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Preliterate societies |
no written language |
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Language Family |
have a shared, but fairly distant origin (eg Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan) |
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Standard Language |
The language quality of a country's dominant language that is preferred by the eite and/or the state (eg France: French spoken in and around Paris - became official) |
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Dialects |
differences in vocabulary, syntax (the way words are put together to form phrases), pronunciation, cadence (the rhythm of speech), and even the pace of speech |
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Isoglosses |
geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs |
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Language groups |
consist of sets of individual languages |
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Language subfamilies |
commonality is more definite (eg: Germanic, Romance) |
