Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Urban Sprawl
|
Sprawl can be defined as “dispersed development outside of compact urban and village centers along highways and in rural countryside.”
|
|
Characteristics of Sprawl
|
• Low-density residential and commercial settlements
• Leapfrog development • Fragmentation of political power • Dominance of transportation by cars • No centralized planning or control of land-uses • Widespread strip commercial development • Great fiscal disparities among localities • Segregation of types of land uses in different zones • Reliance mainly on the trickle-down or filtering process to provide housing to low-income households |
|
Sprawl Impacts
|
• Sprawl is claiming 1.2 million acres of farmland and another .8 million acres of open space each year
• Ohio lost 4.3 million acres of farms between 1984 and 1995 • Between 1990-96 time wasted in traffic increased 260% in Cleveland |
|
Causes of Sprawl
|
Lifestyle choice
Zoning Federal housing policy Highway building Competition for tax revenues Failure of regional planning |
|
Causes of Sprawl
LIFESTYLE CHOICE |
People want to get away from the “big city”, live on their own one, two, or ten acre piece of property while still having access to urban-style municipal services.
|
|
Causes of Spraw
ZONING |
It supports the strict separation of land uses, with the basic idea being that every activity should be in a separate zone. For example, it would be harmful and indecent for people to live near shopping. This policy results in mandatory driving for daily living.
|
|
Causes of Sprawl
FEDERAL HOUSING POLICY |
Federal housing policy helped the middle class move from the city to the suburbs. It also guaranteed that the dominant dwelling unit would be a single-family residence on a suburban lot. Some say it helped keep lower income groups out of the suburbs.
|
|
Causes of Sprawl
HIGHWAY BUILDING |
Makes it feasible for people to continue to move outward.
|
|
Causes of Sprawl
COMPETITION FOR TAX REVENUES |
Local governments may feel they cannot encourage quality developments.
|
|
Causes of Sprawl
FAILURE OF REGIONAL PLANNING |
With fragmented metropolitan governance, regional planning is difficult to implement. Also, regional planning often is focused on promoting, not controlling, metropolitan expansion.
|
|
Solutions to Stop Sprawl
|
Create a sense of place
Transfer of development rights Land purchases & conservation easements – |
|
Solutions to Stop Sprawl
CREATE A SENSE OF PLACE |
More compact and mixed land use development (housing areas are not isolated from work and shopping); a strong pedestrian orientation: active civic and community life; more public transit; and higher housing densities
|
|
Solutions to Stop Sprawl
TRANSFER OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS |
Farmers and owners of open space are compensated for loss in income from not selling their land for a higher valued use by selling the land’s development rights which can be used to increase density in designated zones.
|
|
Solutions to Stop Sprawl
LAND PURCHASES & CONSERVATION EASEMENTS |
Organizations buy land and areas around significant environmental areas to preserve it. Examples are The Nature Conservancy, The Trust for Public Land, and The Conservation Fund.
|