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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Set of theories and laws about the movements of Earth's crust and upper mantle over the asthenosphere between its movement and seismic activity
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Plate Tectonics
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Plates colliding
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Convergent Plate Boundaries
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No subduction since 2 plates are highly buoyant
Builds huge mountain ranges (Himalayas, Alps) |
Continental/Continental
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Denser oceanic plate is subducted
metamorphic rocks created (Andes) |
Continental/Oceanic
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Denser of 2 plates subducted
Undersea trenches formed Deep and shallow earthquakes (Mariana Trench, Aleutian Islands) |
Oceanic/Oceanic
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Plates Split apart
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Divergent Plate Boundaries
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Plates move laterally past each other
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Transform Plate Boundaries
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An area of widespread seismic activity & landforms surrounding the Pacific Plate
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Pacific Ring of Fire
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Precise locations of plate movement beneath Earth's surface
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Focus
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Precise location on Earth's surface where seismic waves hit first
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Epicenter
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Tidal wave created by seismic activity
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Tsunami
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All phenomena connected to the origin and movement of molten rock
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Volcanism
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Solid matter thrown into the air by volcanic eruptions
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Pyroclastic materials
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Steep-sided with alternating layers from violent and gentle eruptions
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Composite Volcano Peaks
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Conic shaped, but smaller than composites
(Paricutin) |
Cinder Cone Volcano Peak
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Short, small, irregular mounds
(Mono Domes) |
Lava/Plug Dome Volcano
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Large, gentle sloped from eruptions
(Hawai'ian Islands) |
Shield Volcano
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Volcanic mudflow that is the result from heavy rain and or snow melt during an eruption
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Lahar
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the bending of crystal rocks by compression and or uplift
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Folding
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A fracture or zone of fracture that occurs
-When rock breaks accompanies by displacement -Along zones of weakness in crust |
Faulting
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A relatively uplifted block of land between 2 parallel faults
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Horst
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A block of land bounded by parallel faults in which the block has been downthrown, producing a distinctive structural valley with a straight steep sided fault scarp on either side
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Graben
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Cliff formed by faulting
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Fault Scarp
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Study of how running water affects the shape of the Earth
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Fluvial geomorphology
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Sediment in water that is carried by solution suspension and mechanical transport
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Alluvium
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Beginning of a river
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Source
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End of a river
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Mouth
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An area that contributes overland flow and groundwater to a specific stream
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Drainage Basin
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A flat valley floor covered with alluvium and subject to periodic or episodic inundation by overflow from the stream
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Floodplain
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Topography developed as a consequence of subsurface solution
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Karst
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The removal of bedrock through chemical action of water
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Dissolution
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A chain of sinkholes
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Uvala
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Tall steep sided hills in an area of karst topography
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Tower Karst
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River that abruptly vanishes from surface where it flows into underground cavity
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Disappearing stream
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Warm water at the Earth's surface that has been forced upward through fissures or cracks by the pressures that develop when underground water has come in contact with heated rocks or magma beneath the surface
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Hot Spring
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Feature consisting of a surface crack that is directly connected with a deep seated heat source
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Fumarole
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A permanent water source that originates outside of and flows through an arid land
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Exotic stream
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A water source that carries water only during the 'wet season' or during and immediately after rains
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Ephemeral stream
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A dark, shiny coating consisting of iron and manganese oxides
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Desert varnish
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A fine grained wind deposited silt
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Loess
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