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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Physical properties of water |
High boiling point, high melting point High heat of vaporization High heat capacity Superior solvent Very low viscosity Extremely high surface tension Only substance to expand rather than contract during freezing |
H.V.C.S.L.S |
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State of water |
Solid Liquid Gaseous |
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Solid water |
Vibration is the dominant type of molecular motion |
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Liquid water |
Vibration, rotation and translation, but no molecules are attracted to eachother |
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Gaseous water |
Dominant type of molecular movement & there is no attraction between molecules |
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Phase change from one state to another |
Melting & freezing Condensation & evaporation Sublimation & deposition |
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Melting & freezing |
Between solid and liquid |
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Condensation & evaporation |
Liquid & gaseous |
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Sublimation & deposition |
Between solid & gaseous |
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Absolute humidity |
Total percentage of atmosphere that is water vapor |
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Specific humidity |
Mass of water vapor in a given mass of AIR |
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Relative humidity |
The actual water vapor present to that which could be present |
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Dew point |
Temp to which air must be cooled to become saturated by the water vapor already in it |
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Air Temp and Relative Humidity |
Inversely related ie. Temp rise, humidity falls |
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Hair Hygrometer |
Human hair changes up to 4% in length between 0 and 100% relative humidity. NOT VERY ACCURATE |
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Electric hygrometer |
Electrical resistivity differences of certain moisture absorbing chemicals |
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Sling psychrometer |
2 thermometers, dry bulb and wet. Saturation of surrounding air |
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Parcel of air |
Imply a small volume of air who's properties are uniform. Homogeneous |
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Adiabatic |
No heat is removed or added to air |
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Stable air=hydrostatic stability |
Resists up or down displacement |
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Unstable=hydrostatic instability |
Allows up and down displacement |
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Dry adiabatic lapse rate |
Decreases 10°C/1000m Or 5.5°F/1000' |
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Wet to moist Adiabatic lapse rate |
5°C/1000m Or 2.7°F/1000' |
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Vapor pressure |
Pressure exerted by the molecules of water vapor |
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Saturated vapor pressure |
Evaporation, number of molecules recondensing |
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3 processes cool air to saturation |
1. Air moving over a colder surface 2. Stagnant air overlying a colder surface 3. Expansional cooling in upward moving air resulting in air saturation with water- cloud formation |
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Stratiform Clouds |
Stable air and are flat & layered |
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Cumuliform Clouds |
Occur in unstable air, puffy and globular |
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Cirriform Clouds |
Wispy, high in altitude |
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Types of fog Radiation |
Clear skies, little no wind, night and daybreaks/ 5kts disperse |
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Advection |
Moist air moves over cold ground or water/ 15 kts disperse |
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Upslope or Orographic |
Moist stable air is cooled adiabatically as it moves up sloping terrain/ dissipates when wind ceases |
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Evaporation or precipitation induced or steam fog |
Warm rain falls through cool air, evaporation from precipitation saturates the cool air and forms fog |
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Ice fog |
Below -18°C/ ice crystals |
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Mist |
Thin fog precedes & follows fog |
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Haze |
Salt or other dry particles not classified as dust/ stable air extends 15K ft and must disperse |
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Meteorology |
Study of atmosphere & weather |
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Climatology |
Consistent, long term behavior of weather over time in one place |
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Weather |
Short term conditions of atmosphere |
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Air mass |
Extensive body of air withing horizontal conditions of temperature & moisture |
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Source region |
Large masses of air remain long enough to take on characteristic temperature & moisture properties |
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Types of Modification WCAR |
Warming from below Cooling from below Addition of water vapor Removal of water vapor |
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