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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alfred Wegener
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A pioneer in plate tectonics, who used reason and scientific method to prove a theory that Africa and South America was once one continent.
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Plate Tetonics
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The dynamics of plate movement.
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Continental Drift Theory
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The movement, formation, or re-formation of continents described by the theory of plate tectonics.
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Pacific Ring of Fire
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An extensive zone of volcanic and seismic activity that coincides roughly with the borders of the Pacific Ocean.
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Pangaea
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Name for earth's hypothetical single land mass prior to its separation into distinct continents between 300 and 200 million years ago.
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Tsunamis
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A tsunami is a huge ocean wave that can travel at speeds up to 600 mi/hr (965 km/hr), hundreds of miles over open sea before it hits land. Sometimes incorrectly called a tidal wave, a tsunami is usually caused by an earthquake, volcanic eruption or coastal landslide.
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Geomorphology
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The study of the evolution and configuration of landforms.
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San Andreas Fault
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A major zone of fractures in the earth's crust extending along the coastline of California from the northwest part of the state to the Gulf of California. Movement of the tectonic plates along the fault has caused numerous tremors, including the devastating San Francisco earthquake of 1906.
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Subduction Zone
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A geologic process in which one edge of one crustal plate is forced below the edge of another.
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Elevation
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The variations in elevation of an area of the earth's surface.
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Centripetal Forces
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The component of force acting on a body in curvilinear motion that is directed toward the center of curvature or axis of rotation. Centripetal force is necessary for an object to move with circular motion.
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Pinyin
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A system for transliterating Chinese ideograms into the Roman alphabet, officially adopted by the People's Republic of China in 1979
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Vulcanism
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Volcanism is part of the process of bringing material from the deep interior of a planet and spilling it forth on the surface.
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Diastrophism
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The process of deformation by which the major features of the earth's crust, including continents, mountains, ocean beds, folds, and faults, are formed.
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Centrifugal Forces
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The apparent force, equal and opposite to the centripetal force, drawing a rotating body away from the center of rotation, caused by the inertia of the body.
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Karst Plain
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A plain on which karst features are developed.
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Richter Scale
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A logarithmic scale used to express the total amount of energy released by an earthquake. Its values typically fall between 0 and 9, with each increase of 1 representing a 10-fold increase in energy.
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Orogeny
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The process of mountain formation, especially by a folding and faulting of the earth's crust.
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Alluvial Plain
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A plain formed from the deposition of alluvium usually adjacent to a river that periodically overflows. Also known as aggraded valley plain; river plain; wash plain; waste plain.
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Manchuria
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A region of northeast China comprising the modern-day provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning. It was the homeland of the Manchu people who conquered China in the 17th century and was hotly contested by the Russians and the Japanese in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Chinese Communists gained control of the area in 1948.
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Kuomintang
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The Nationalist Party of China. A highly centralized, hierarchical, and authoritarian party/government, the Kuomintang, led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, ruled China from the 1930s through World War II. Defeated by the Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong in the civil war which ended in 1949, the vestiges of the Kuomintang withdrew to the island of Taiwan and there reestablished the government of the Republic ofChina.
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Chiang Kai-Shek
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Leader of The Republic of China (Taiwan), 1949-75
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Mandarin
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is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan, and is one of the four official languages of Singapore.
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Taipei
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The capital and largest city of Taiwan, in the northern part of the country.
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Kaohsiung
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A city of southwest Taiwan on Taiwan Strait. It was developed as a manufacturing center by the Japanese and is now the country's leading port.
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Archipelago
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A large group of islands: the Philippine archipelago.
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Penisula
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land bordered by water on 3 sides
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Cashmere
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A natural textile fiber obtained from the Cashmere goat of the Himalayan region of China and India.
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Gobi
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A desert of southeast Mongolia and northern China. It consists mainly of a series of shallow alkaline basins.
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Takla Makan
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A desert of western China between the Tian Shan and the Kunlun Mountains.
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Tarim Basin
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A river of western China flowing about 2,092 km (1,300 mi) eastward to Lop Nur.
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Jakota Triangle
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Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.
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Buffer State
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A neutral state lying between two rival or potentially hostile states and serving to prevent conflict between them.
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Landfill
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s a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment
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Kanto Plain
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The Kantō Plain is the largest plain in Japan located in the Kanto Region of central Honshū.
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Yokohama
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A city of southeast Honshu, Japan, on the western shore of Tokyo Bay. Almost entirely destroyed by an earthquake and fire in 1923, it was quickly rebuilt and modernized and is now a leading port and industrial center
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Kawasaki
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A city of east-central Honshu, Japan, an industrial suburb of Tokyo on Tokyo Bay.
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Yokosuka
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A city of southeast Honshu, Japan, on Tokyo Bay
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Tokyo
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The capital and largest city of Japan, in east-central Honshu on Tokyo Bay, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean
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Osaka
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A city of southern Honshu, Japan, on Osaka Bay, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean. Osaka was the leading commercial center of Japan during the feudal period and today is highly industrialized.
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Kobe
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A port and manufacturing center, it was almost entirely rebuilt after World War II. The city was badly damaged by an earthquake in 1995.
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Nagoya
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A city of central Honshu, Japan, at the head of Ise Bay east of Kyoto. A fortress town in the 16th century, it was rebuilt after heavy bombing in World War II.
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Hiroshima
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A city of southwest Honshu, Japan, on the Inland Sea west of Osaka. Founded in the 16th century, it was destroyed in World War II by the first atomic bomb used in warfare
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Nagasaki
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Nagasaki was devastated by the second atomic bomb used in World War II
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Sapporo
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A city of southwest Hokkaido, Japan, near the head of Ishikari Bay. A processing and commercial center, it was the site of the 1972 Winter Olympics.
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Seto Inland Sea
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An arm of the Pacific Ocean in southern Japan between Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. Linked to the Sea of Japan by a narrow channel, the sea is famous for its scenic beauty.
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Kurile Islands
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An island chain of extreme eastern Russia extending about 1,207 km (750 mi) in the Pacific Ocean between Kamchatka Peninsula and northern Hokkaido, Japan. The volcanic, largely uninhabited islands were held by Japan from 1875 to 1945.
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Sakhalin Island
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Island, extreme eastern Russia. Together with the Kuril Islands, it forms an administrative region of Russia.The economy is dominated by fishing, lumbering, coal mining, and the extraction of oil and natural gas in the north.
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Kyoto
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A city of west-central Honshu, Japan, north-northeast of Osaka. Founded in the eighth century, it has long been a cultural, artistic, and religious center. Kyoto was Japan's capital from 794 until 1869.
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Nobi Plain
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It is an alluvial plain created by the Kiso Three Rivers (the Ibi, Kiso and Nagara rivers) and has very fertile soil
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Meiji Restoration
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Overthrow of Japan's Tokugawa shogunate (see Tokugawa period) and restoration of direct imperial rule (through the Meiji emperor) in 1868
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Ainu
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A member of an indigenous people of Japan, now inhabiting parts of Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands.
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Manchukuo
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A former state of eastern Asia in Manchuria and eastern Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia). It was established as a puppet state (1932) after the Japanese invaded Manchuria in 1931 and was returned to Chinese sovereignty in 1945.
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Shogun
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The hereditary commander of the Japanese army who until 1867 exercised absolute rule under the nominal leadership of the emperor.
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Shinto
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A religion native to Japan, characterized by veneration of nature spirits and ancestors and by a lack of formal dogma.
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Toyama
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A city of west-central Honshu, Japan, on Toyama Bay, an inlet of the Sea of Japan. Toyama is noted for its patent medicine industry.
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Tsugaru Strait
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A channel between Honshu and Hokkaido in northern Japan.
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Kyongsang
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one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. Gyeongsang was located in the southeast of Korea.
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Cholla
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Any of several spiny, shrubby, or treelike cacti of the genus Opuntia having cylindrical stem segments.
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Seoul
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The capital and largest city of South Korea, in the northwest part of the country east of Inchon.
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DMZ
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An area from which military forces, operations, and installations are prohibited.
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Busan
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A city of extreme southeast South Korea on Korea Strait southeast of Seoul. It developed into a major port during the Japanese occupation of Korea
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Pyongyang
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The capital and largest city of North Korea, in the southwest-central part of the country.
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38th Parallel
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The latitudinal line that approximately forms the boundary between North Korea and South Korea.
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Kim IL Sung
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Longtime "Great Leader" of North Korea
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Kwangju
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A city of southwest South Korea south-southeast of Seoul. It is an agricultural market and a commercial center.
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Ulsan City
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A city of southwest South Korea on Korea Strait north-northeast of Pusan. It is an industrial center
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Hyundai
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Hyundai is a group of companies founded by Chung Ju-yung in South Korea. The first Hyundai company was founded in 1947 as a construction company, and eventually became South Korea's largest conglomerate company
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KTX
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The Korea Train eXpress (KTX) is South Korea's high-speed rail system, which connects the capital Seoul to Busan and Mokpo.
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Chaebol
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A conglomerate of businesses, usually owned by a single family, especially in Korea.
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Kitakyushu
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A city of northern Kyushu, Japan, on the channel connecting the Inland Sea with the Korea Strait. It is one of Japan's most important manufacturing centers.
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Pudong
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Pudong is a district of Shanghai, China that enjoys sub-provincial administrative status. It is named "Pudong" because of its location on the east side of the Huangpu river, on the opposite of Puxi, the west side.
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Shanghai
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A city of eastern China at the mouth of the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) southeast of Nanjing. The largest city in the country
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Beijing
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Capitol of China
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Hong Kong
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A city of eastern China at the mouth of the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) southeast of Nanjing. The largest city in the country
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