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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 parts of soil |
1- minerals 2- bacteria and organic material 3- air 4- moisture |
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minerals |
- join soil when the rock is broken down - many needed by plants |
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bacteria and organic material |
- dead plants + animals decomposed by material - nutrients released - enhance soil |
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air |
- Decaying materials allow for air pockets - Air spaces created by insects |
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moisture |
- Dissolves nutrients into soil
- Helps decay organic materials |
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continental drift evidence |
- Alfred Wegener 1. Jigsawfit between south America and Africa2. Fossilsof same plants and animals on south America and Africa 3. Mountainsof similar ages in north America and Europe 4. Icesheets covered south Africa, India, Australia, and south America |
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calcification |
- In drier climates
- Water in the topsoil evaporates - Water drawn up from below to replace it - Minerals carried up with water Process is called capillary action - Water reaches surface, and evaporates |
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leaching |
- Occurs in wet climates or over watering
- Water moves downward through the soil - Carries nutrients to the parent material - Soil leached of nutrients - Plants need nutrients to grow |
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alpine tree line |
- Highest elevation trees can grow on mountains
- Too cold, snow cover - Steep slopes= thin soil |
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arctic tree line |
- Trees cannot grow to the north
- Cold temperature, poor soil - Permafrost prevents long roots |
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drunken forest |
muskeg near churchill MB |
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natural vegetation |
- plants that grow without human interference - vegetation determined by climate and soil |
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permafrost |
- permanent layer of frozen ground below active layer - snow above the active layer melts |
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soil profile
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different layers in the soil |
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top soil |
- contains humus where plants grow |
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sub soil |
- 2nd layer - minerals and organics |
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parent material |
- bottom mineral materials - top soil added through organic breakdown - formation is very slow |
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climatic graphs |
Shows relationshipsbetween temp + precipitation month by month
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