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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Truth in Maps |
A good map tells a multitude of little white lies; it suppresses truth to help the user see what needs to be seen
Three- dimensional, rich in detail, and far too factual to allow complete yet uncluttered two-dimensional graphic scale model. |
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Responsibilities of mapmaker |
- Need to know about the data and the area - Need to care about it - Check and re-check our maps and data to minimize blunders - Knows basics of maps |
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Responsibilities of map reader |
- Know there will be some error - Be critical thinkers - Shouldn't expect free fr |
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Generalization |
How we depict elements or the complex world in a generalized form on a map through selection, simplification, aggregating, classification and representation |
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Blunders |
(Intentional/Unintentional)
Mistakes or choices of the map makers that can become misleading to map readers |
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Time |
1) Make purpose known, make time component known
2) The stuff on map and time aren't constantly related (always ask what map is telling us) |
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Color |
A tool used by mapmakers that can be extremely helpful in telling a story, but can also be distracting and detrimental |
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Content |
Content generalization promotes clarity of purpose or meaning by filtering out details irrelevant to the maps function.
2 types: Selection: Relevant features Classification: Recognizing similarities |
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Comparing two maps |
Check maps:
- Breaks - Colors - Map sizes - Time periods |
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Types of Navigation Maps |
- Water Maps - Rail Maps - Bus Maps - Aviation Maps - Bike Maps - Walking Maps |
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Road Map Types |
City Map State Map Road Atlas |
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Purpose & Audience |
Purpose & Audience:
Plan trip, find route, calculate distance, follow route.
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N/P of Electronic Maps |
Negs: Signal, Batteries
Pos: Real time updates, small, changeable, recalculate |
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N/P of Paper Maps |
Neg: Pair, Limited
Pos: Don't find glitches, Winder view |
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What Does GIS stand for |
Geographic Information Systems |
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What is GIS |
database and mini-database systems, together, these are maps created and based off of databases |
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Purpose of GIS |
Computer based system for collection, maintenance, storage, analysis, output, and distribution of spatial data and information |
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Applications of GIS in the real world |
- Record height of mount everest - Population of Pierre - Depth of the Titanic - Fight Crime - Protect Endangered Species - Reduce Pollution - Cope with Natural Disasters - Treat AIDS Epidemic - Better Overall Health - Emergency Services
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Type of Data
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Raster Layors or Vector Layors |
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Proximity |
A few meters |
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Vector GIS Data |
Features on the earth are represented by points, lines, routes, polygons, regions, |
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Raster GIS Data |
Grid squares each square represents something |
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GIS Cycle |
- Collection - Maintenance - Storage - Analysis - Output - Distribution
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Real Image vs. Abstract Image |
Real images consist of a picture while Abstract images are drawn. |
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Terrain Uses |
Lakes and Seas, Forests and clearings, Snow covered mountains, |
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LIDAR, DEM, Landcover |
DEM: Digital Elevation Model
LIDAR: Remote sensing technology that measures distance by illuminating a target with a razor and analyzing the reflected light
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Viewshed |
All the area's that can or cannot be seen from a viewpoint |
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Watershed |
All of the area's that contribute runoff water to a particular "drain" point |
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What is GPS |
Global Positioning System
A satellite based technology that allows us to determine precise location/position information at any times and anywhere on the earths surface.
- Started as a Federal Government Project
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How does GPS work |
3 Segments (Radio Signals): 1) Space/satellite segment 2) Control segment (on the ground) 3) User segment
Uses Trilateration (Lines) |
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What does GPS give us, what can we make from this information |
Location, time, speed, distance traveled. (only actually gives coordinates)
Accurate within' 15 meters |
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When it doesn't work |
- Install new maps - Not put blind faith in the tool - Be familiar with the features of their unit - Use common sense |
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Error |
- Affect accuracy of signal - Delays as the signal passes through the atmosphere - Error in satellite's location - Signal can bounce off of objects such as buildings |
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Multipath |
When the signal bounces off of surrounding terrain |
