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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Europe Climate |
maritime-close to the ocean with moderate temperature in both summer and winter |
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Russian Domain climate |
continental-inland climates with hot summers and cold, snowy winters. |
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world population |
7 billion |
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Europe population |
530 million |
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Russia population |
210 million |
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population size in order |
1. Germany 2. France 3. UK 4. Italy |
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is Europe urbanized? |
yes |
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is Russia urbanized? |
yes |
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what is urbanized? |
at least 51% live in cities |
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which is more dense, Europe, US, or Russia? |
Europe US then Russia |
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TFR Eruope |
low |
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TFR Russia |
low |
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Vocab Chap 1 culture |
learned, not innate behavior held in common by a group of people |
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total fertility rate |
average number of children that a woman will have in her lifetime |
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rate of natural increase |
provides the annual growth rate for a country or region as a percentage. subtracting the number of deaths from the number of births. immigration not considered |
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voluntary/ forced migration push factor |
war, religious persecution, unemployment
drive people from their homelands |
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pull forces |
better economic opportunities, health services jobs |
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nation |
shared sociocultural traits. language, religion, identity ex: Kurdish people a group of common belief |
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state |
formal boundaries. a country |
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nation-state |
has both defined borders and a common culture. ex: armenia |
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gross domestic product |
value of all final goods within its borders |
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gross national income |
GDP + outside investments (trade) |
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population pyramids |
1. growth 2. slow/no growth 3. inverted |
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demographic transition model |
tracks changes in birthrates and death rates overtime stage 1. high birth & death rates stage 2. low death, high birth (medicine) stage 3. smaller families stage 4. low birthrates |
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globalization is... |
controversial increasing interconnectedness of people and places |
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6 examples of economic globalization: global communication systems |
satellite TV link all regions and all people together |
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transportation systems |
goods move by air sea and land |
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transnational business strategies |
global corporations (an be more powerful than actual countries) Dell has companies all over the world |
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global agreements |
NAFTA promote free trade |
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economic disparities |
rich and poor regions and countries drive people to migrate legally and illegally in search of a better life |
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abundance of planetary goods |
services that have arisen to fulfill consumer demand |
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pros to globalization |
competition in economy- lowers prices encourages spread of technology/new ideas education higher standard of living better health care diverse cultures |
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cons to globalization |
loss of identity war disease inequality of wealth damage to ecosystems over population and illegal immigration |
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4 important things a geographer does |
make observations make connections compare and contrast interpret observations |
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where in the world is growth occurring? |
in the cities of developing countries. |
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3 forms of cultures: |
imperialism- promotion of one culture @ expense of the other. nationalism- actively promoting national and local cultural values syncretism/hybridizaion- most common product. blending of forces new synergistic form of culture |
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ethnic separtism |
ethnic groups are demanding recognition, autonomy, and often independence from larger political units. ex: yugoslavia |
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centrifugal forces |
go apart forces that divide a state Ex: slavery in US religion in Sudan split to N and S |
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centripetal forces |
together. forces tend to unite it/ keep it together. Ex: 9/11 a common outside threat (colonialism) |
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colonialism decolonization neocolonialism |
formal rule over a foreign population colony gaining control over its own territory and establishing independent government newly independent states felt the continuing control of western powers |
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3 social development indicators |
health care
literacy gender inequality (closest to 0 is most equal) |
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KNOW HOW TO PINPOINT LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE |
TRIVIA PLAZA |
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reason for climate and seasons |
tilt |
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23.5 66.5 90 |
tropics N or S lat arctic and antarctic circles N or S lat North pole N lat |
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what are map projections, what are their problems? |
attempt to flatten a curved surface. every projection messes up somewhere. |
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plate tectonics 3 types |
1 diverging- going apart 2 converging- one going under 3 transform- rubbing agaisnt |
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plate tectonics |
large convection cells circulate molten rock in different directions within earth's mantle. few centimeters per year |
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3 climate controls |
1 latitute- curvature of globe, insolation strikes earth at a true right angle only in the tropics. more intense than at higher latitudes 2 solar radiation-solar energy passes, warms ground, radiates heat back up, absorbed and trapped by gases 3 interaction with water- oceans take more to cool and to heat. near water= cooler |
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what is the relationship between seasons in the N and S hemisphere |
when it is summer in N, it is winter in S |
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global warming: |
increase in earth's average temperature consumpton of coal and petroleum greatly magnified greenhouse effect |
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anthropogenic (on test) |
human activities are changing the world's climate human cuased pollution is increasing the greenhouse effect, causing global warming. |
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climographs |
upper line plots average high temps for each month lower line shows average low temperatures for each month |
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climate vs weather |
climate= average of the temps weather= day to day temp |
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there is an _____________ of water in the world |
uneven distribution
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EUROPE: how many countries are west of the Russian domain? |
42 |
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Iberian peninsula |
spain |
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how is europe settled |
very dense populated region |
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physical settings of europe |
marshy lowland= north sea drought= iberian peninsula-spain mountanious alps arctic conditions= northern scandinavia plate boundaries= Earthquakes and volcanoes. iceland and Sertsi |
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landlocked countries |
control all water. europe= peninsula of peninsulas |
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T or F europe is larger than Norht america |
false |
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where is the population center of euorpe |
northern population center |
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is europes climate milder or harsher than places like north america and canada? |
milder bc its surrounded by ocean |
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irredentism |
reclamation of lost territory and peoples. |
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balkanization |
small scale independence movements based upon ethnic fault lines yugoslavia |
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immigration emigration transmigration |
into a country out of a country within a country |
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crustal formation along mid-atlantic ridge: iceland |
island of Surtsey november 1963 divergent plate boundary magma rose try to hose off the lava |
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dutch engineers |
super smart pump water out |
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Schengen agreement 1985 |
reduced border formalities between european countries. |
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what caused people to second guess schengen agreement? |
9/11 stopped people on the coasts |
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why did europe invite laborers from other countries into europe |
need labor to help rebuild continent after the destruction of war |
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how does past colonial ties affect the migration trends? |
people tend to immigrate to the country to colonize them north africans go to france, already know the language |
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fertility rate high or low in euroep |
low |
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is the bulk of the population young or aging? |
aging population |
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what is the largest country and how many people (in europe) |
germany 80 million |
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what are the next 3 largest countries |
france 63 million UK 63 million Italy 61 million |
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which part of europe tends to be leading the trends? why? |
western europe. eastern side got behind due to their long years of commnist government- restricted economic progress as wellas their personal freedoms |
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which country is the biggest in Eastern Europe |
poland |
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turks in germany what is this an example of? |
turks were invited to do labor in germany. germany didnt need them anymore, but turks stayed. never assimilated 3 generations later cultural nationalism |
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cityscapes medieval cities: renaissance: |
walled cities, narrow winding streets more open, spacious, gardens, statues |
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religion in europe |
north europe= christian central ad south Europe= catholic south east europe= orthodox |
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where did the jews tend to settle in europe? |
poland until ww2 |
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what new religon is becoming more influential in europe? |
islam |
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what is a new trend and what does it mean? |
secularism= abandonment of traditional religion, keeping core ideas. |
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autonomy vs sovereignty |
autonomy= partial self rule (right to make certain decisions) sovereignty= separate country (all its own rules) |
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cold war what type of struggle? |
ideological |
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cold war what were the two sides and what two organizations were formed that represented the two sides? |
East vs west communism vs capitalism NATO vs Warsaw pact america vs USSR |
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cold war why was the wall such a big deal? consequences of having it? what dates |
represendted restrictions of bondage under communism. no longer had freedom to choose where they lived prevent western ideas 1961-1989 showed in 1961- the struggle was real |
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Soviet union dates cold war dates berlin wall comes down date |
1917-1991 1949-1991 1989 |
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what was the purpose of the buffer zone? |
offered protection from attack by Europe |
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two important dates with the ending of the cold war? |
1989 berlin wall comes down. russia was losing control over europe 1991 soviet union officially dissolved |
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why did the USSR fall apart? |
no longer had the military power to hold it together. forces were spread too wide. they were trying to expand into asia. he started allowing programs that gave people freedoms |
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economic crisis in the EU how much scale matters? strongest country in the EU |
germany |
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weakest countries in the EU, especially |
greece portugal, italy, ireland, iceland, spain |
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impact of the scale |
they changed the economic scale but not the politicla scale, resulting in disaster |
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world heritage sites france germany |
versailles palace- demonstrates power of the monarchy. Louis XIV displayed wealth of monarchy castles- way of life. fortress. collected taxes, regulated traffic |
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world heritage sites italy spain |
city of venice- trading center, connected western europe to world. slowly sinking segovias aqueduct- transport water historic center of cordoba- tolerance toward other religions. "the jewel of the west" |
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world heritage sites: UK |
kew gardens- gardens for royalty, explorers would plant all sorts of plants. found medicine Quinine- cure malaria westminster abbey and palace- where royalty lived. parliamentary system run by the lords. very middle class friendly |
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RUSSIA VOCAB Brain drain |
emigration of knowledgeable well educated professionls from their home country to another |
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mikrorayons |
large soviet era housing projects in 70s and 80s standardized apartment buildings ranging from 9-24 stories in height |
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russification (cultural imperialism) |
soviet policy of resetting russians into non-russian portions of the soviet union |
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gulag archipelago |
siberian political prisons priests, political prisoners, common criminals stalin sent 12-15 million people to prison in siberia |
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glasnot |
greater openness (less secret police activity) |
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peristroika |
restructuring of the planned centralized economy. allowance of some capitalist stuff (less government control in the economy) |
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Kaliningrad |
russian enclaves, lies outside main land illegal nuclear weapons |
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bodies of water in Russia |
arctic lake baikal bering sea baltic sea black sea caspian sea |
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chernobyl |
world's worst nuclear accident |
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permafrost in siberia |
warming climates may thaw large areas of siberian permafrost releasing additional carbon into earth's atmosphere
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russias type of climograph |
steep |
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russia's food source |
ukraine is the food source because russia has very poor soil due to extreme temperaures |
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tungska meteor explosion |
1908. no material evidence visible fromengland to india |
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3 important cities |
moscow- largest city, marxist philosohy petersburg- capital between 1712-1917, trade window to the west, port city through the baltic sea. founded by peter the great in 1703. vladivostok- eastern terminus of railroad. access to pacific |
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T or F the russian domain is densley populated |
false |
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is this part of the world growing or shrinking? |
shrinking
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what is the demographic crisis? |
persistently declining population low birth rates high mortalitly among middle aged men (vodka) |
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what the the recent migration patterns? |
towards moscow russians returning from central asia immigrants from sieria. they are no longer forced to live there emmigrants to europe and isreal |
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what was the traditional religion of russia? how did it change in 1917? |
eastern orthodox christianity in 1917 the government promoted atheism |
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what does the demographics of religion look like today in the russian domain? |
eastern orhodox christianity- russia and eastern ukraine western ukraine- catholic caucasus area- islam asiatic russia- buddhist jewish minority is western russia |
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soviet era 1917 1991 |
1917- lenin and the bolsheviks took control of russia and started the soviet union. the monarch and his family were brutually executed 1991- under gorbachev's leaership, the USSR fell and returned back to its individual countries |
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Tsars |
from 1300s to 1917 tsars were absolute monarchs. expanding territory and their power peter the great and catherine the great ruthless tsars 1917 last of the Tsars, murdered all of them and their families |
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lenin |
lenin created the USSR classless society murdered all aristocracy government controlled everything both economy and personal freedoms |
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stalin |
15 so called autonomous republics were established. all important decisions made in moscow powerful and ruthless added the baltic republics and portions of eastern europe |
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gorbachev |
initiated policies of glasnot greater openness |
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what ended in 1991 |
centralized economic planning |
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putin |
elected as prisident, term ended, put all this people into power, became prime minister, basically now dictator of russia people are okay with it, brought them back to the "old days" sided against US sides with Asaad in syria |
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chechnya terror |
terrorists captured kids, parents, and teachers kept them in the gym everyone was being murdered |
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crimean peninsula and the ukraine |
crimea voted to be russian under corrupt looking circumstances they decided to join. russia now controls them. half of country looks to west, half looks to east. in 1994, Ukriane made deal to give up nuclear weapons for our protection. we arent doing anything. russia coming at them, afraid russians will cut off the fuel supplies. rock and hard place |
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wo has russia taken sides with in the cicil war in syria |
russia allied with syria involved in a cicil war. putin made it clear, siding with Assad he escalated the scale by taking sides iran also sides with Assad iran has nuclear weapons US opposes that |
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Socialist realism |
propoganda promoting ideals and leaderships |
