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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 8 main Hawaiian Islands? |
- Ni'ihau - Kaua'i - O'ahu - Moloka'i - Lāna'i - Kaho'olawe - Maui - Hawai'i |
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Mountain Ranges of Ni'ihau |
No mountain ranges |
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Mountain Ranges of Kaua'i |
No mountain ranges.
- Kawaikini Peak - Wai'ale'ale Peak |
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Mountain Ranges of O'ahu |
- Ko'olau Mts - Wai'anae Mts |
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Mountain Ranges of Moloka'i |
- Maunaloa Mts |
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Mountain Ranges of Maui |
- Haleakalā Mts - West Maui Mts - Mauna Kahalawai Mts |
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Mountain Ranges of Lāna'i |
No mountain ranges. |
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Mountain Ranges of Hawai'i |
- Kohala Mts - Mauna Kea - Mauna Loa - Hualālai - Kīlauea |
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Place Name: Mo'o'ula meaning |
Red Lizard |
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Place Name: Moa'ula meaning |
Red Chicken |
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Example of an atoll in the Northwestern Islands |
Midway Atoll - Pihemanu |
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Example of a volcanic remnant in the Northwestern Islands |
Gardner Pinnacles - Pūhāhonu |
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What types of surface flows are produced in eruptions? |
Pahoehoe - smooth sheets, rope-like 'ā'ā - rough, clinky, breaks up |
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How is the Hawaiian Archipelago formed? |
Hot spot |
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How old is the oldest main island? |
Kaua'i - 5.1 myo |
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What are the stages of Hawaiian volcanoes? |
1) Preshield Stage 2) Submarine Phase of Shield Stage 3) Explosive Phase of Shield Stage 4) Subaerial Phase of Shield Stage 5) Post Shield Stage 6) Erosion & Subsidence Stage 7) Rejuvenated Stage 8) Coral Atoll Stage 9) Guyot Stage |
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Example of Preshield Stage |
Lō'ihi |
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Example of Subaerial Shield Phase |
Mauna Loa |
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Example of Post Shield Stage |
Mauna Kea |
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Example of Rejuvenated Volcanism |
Haleakalā |
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Example of Erosion & Subsidence |
Kohala |
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What is the source of the large area sea cliffs & debris fields off the coasts of the islands? |
Landslides |
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What types of landscape features occur in the summit area of Haleakalā? |
Calderas |
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What landscape features occur along volcanic rift zones? |
Geothermal Resources |
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What geological event is the Nu'uanu Pali associated with? |
Landside |
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What type of rock occurs in Hawai'i? |
Igneous rock - Basalt |
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Which volcano has been most active in recent years? |
Kilauea |
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What area of the volcano have the highest potential for geothermal energy? |
Riftzones |
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What are the principle elements in the hydrologic system? |
- evaporation from ocean - precipitation over land - runoff |
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What process is responsible for the heavy rainfall on the windward sides of the islands? |
Orographic rainfall |
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What is the difference between weather and climate? |
- weather: short term; hours, days, weeks - climate: long term; years, decades |
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What event accounts for most leeward precipitation? |
Mid-latitude cyclonic storm |
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What is relative humidity and how does it relate to temperature? |
The amount of precipitation in the air expressed as a % of the amount needed to rain; lowers the temperature |
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What is the trade-wind inversion and how does it affect climate on Hawaiian mountains? |
Where rising and sinking air meet; rapid variation in temperature in various locations |
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What are the four major climate types on the island of Hawai'i? (Koppen letters) |
A - tropical B - dry C - mesothermal D - microthermal (not in Hawaii) E - polar
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What is pollen and how can it be useful in reconstructing past environments? |
Comes from plants, can tell previous vegetation, temperatures and climates; can recreate paleoclimates |
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How have temperature conditions at Ka'aua Crater and Lake Wai'au changed in the past 30,000 years? |
Temperatures have increased at faster rates than previously; ecosystems moving upward, evaporation increasing |
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What landscape features are associated with glacial and periglacial environments on Mauna Kea? |
Glacier Moraines |
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What types of measurements take place at Mauna Loa Observatory? |
Atmospheric Components and solar energy |
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How do global carbon dioxide levels fluctuate throughout the year? |
With forest metabolism in the Northern Hemisphere; increasing - used to go up and down |
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What are the temperature trends at high elevation in Hawai'i? |
Increasing at a higher rate than that of Global rates |
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What are the precipitation trends in Hawai'i? |
Declining on almost all islands |
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How does the El Nino Southern Oscillation affect weather in Hawai'i? |
Drought-like conditions |
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What aspect of global change could directly impact Hawai'i's economy? |
Sea level rising - effect tourism industry |
