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32 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Settlement |
Dwelling or group of dwellings |
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Site |
Features and characteristics of that Settlement Of t |
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When describing a settlement... |
Where in relation to key locations(roads, rivers etc.) Relief of the land |
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Types of Settlements |
Nucleated - centred around key point (crossroads etc.) Dispersed - few buildings over a large area Linear - based in narrow band along road/river |
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Site Types |
Valley site- built to obtain water, used for farming, provides transport routes (Burton Upon Trent, Staffordshire) Gap Town- through routes, trade points (Corfe, Isle of Purbeck) Defence Site- defended from attack, surrounded by meander (Durham) Dry Point- drier land, edge of wetland (Isle Ely(Fens), Cambridgeshire) Bridging Point- built at places to cross floodplain, focal points for travellers (Oxford) |
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Settlement Hierarchies |
Isolated Building (farm) Hamlet (few houses) Village (rural, few houses/amenities) Town(medium population) City(large population) Conurbation(mega-cities) |
Permenant- lived in at all times Temporary- one part of year Urban-built up areas, Towns Rural- Countryside location |
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Functions |
Function- job or process a settlement does Urban Function- education, entertainment Rural Function- farming, agriculture |
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Function Types |
Residential- houses, commuter settlement Market Town- trading centre Administrative- government, capital city Strategic- historical defence site Industrial- population work in industry Tourism- relies on tourists Cultural/Religious- set up around religious/historical sites Trading- ports etc |
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Can have more than one function..., |
Was a Defence Town, then a Fishing Port, then an Agricultural Town, now a Tourist Town |
Benidorm |
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Urban Land Use Models |
Burgess Model- in circular shape with layers (CBD, Inner City, Inner Suburbs, Outer Suburbs) Hoyte Model- CBD with other sections in sporadic fashion |
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Urbanisation |
Rise of population in Urban areas compared to Rural areas |
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Reasons for Change in Rural Communities |
Push- Lack of Jobs, Further education and services, expensive homes(second homes) Pull- Quiet, scenery, safe, slower pace of life |
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Depopulation |
Loss of people in an area |
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Counter-Urbanisation |
People moving from urban to rural areas Example- Western Scottish Isles People become disconnected with life in cities-technology |
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Causes of Depopulation |
Harsh landscape Limited jobs "Bright Lights" of the cities |
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Impacts of Depopulation |
Biodiversity flourishes, less pollution Services and shops close, "Downward Spiral" Utilities cost more Abandoned villages Population structure altered |
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Case Study- Western Isles, Scotland |
During 20th century, Pop declined by almost 50% to 26,500 1991-2001, shrank by 10% 18 year old Islanders go to Edinburgh Uni, never return due to jobs |
Depopulation |
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Case Study: Isles of Skye, Scotland |
30% of people are 'Outsiders' More accessible now, Skye Bridge Counter urbanisation occured |
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Changing Urban Areas |
Need for more housing By 2020, 3 million more dwellings need to be built |
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Causes for change in Urban Areas |
Increase in Pop: 58.8-60.9m between 2001 and 2007 Increase in Households- living alone due to Divorce/Widowing Personal Wealth- own homes Ageing Population- higher life expectancy, low death rate |
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Possible Locations for Dwellings |
Urban Fringe- near countryside, not too far from towns, brings leisure closer, increases urban sprawl Commuter Belt- new housing estates, near towns, Eco towns built as well Inner Cities- blocks of flats, gated communities Suburbs- 'garden grabbing', filling vacant spaces with houses |
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Suburban Sprawl |
Where suburban housing sprawls over countryside |
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Suburban Sprawl Factors |
Good transport routes, lack of planning control, low housing density, shorter working hours, personal wealth is greater
Can lead to: low density housing, high dependence on car to move around, houses look the same |
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Deindustrialisation |
Uk Industry moved to Asia, cheap labour Derelict buildings etc. Results in two scenarios Renewal: economic activities, employment Redevelopment: new uses for old buildings |
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Case Study: Bradford, West Yorkshire |
Was a textile industry(wool) Renewal- built modern engineering, chemicals and ICT industries, developed leisure and tourism industry Redevelopment- mills turned into new things(museums, flats etc.), some demolished and filled with office/flats |
Deindustrialisation |
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Case Study: Vaux, Sunderland |
13 hectares of brewery, closed in 1999 Renewal Plan: Diversify economy(new offices, 3000 jobs) New shops to compliment present city centre Include large hotel Building 1000 new homes Green space along riverside
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Deindustrialisation |
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Greenfield sites |
Area of countryside/open land not built on before Pros: cheap to develop, quicker to build on, past developments do not affect anything, located in 'healthier areas Cons: habitats destroyed, valuable farmland lost, lots of pollution, recreational land lost, lack of services, bad accessibility |
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Brownfield Sites |
Derelict land previously developed on Pros: helps rejuvenate disused land, reduces rural land loss, services/ utilities in place, near areas of employment Cons: some contaminated (Stulken Shipyard, Germany cost €9.1m), Old buildings need to be demolished, Surrounding areas run down, Lacks modern infrastructure |
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Green Belt Land |
Land that surrounds an Urban Area Generally protected, 'essential' developments allowed Mostly privately owned by Farmers etc. |
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Rapid Urban Growth |
Migrating to Urban areas from Rural areas |
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Reasons for Rapid Urban Growth |
Push: lack of jobs, lack of infrastructure, limited schooling, lack of government support Pull: jobs and higher income, pull of 'Bright Lights', utilities and infastructure, Gov support
Caused by Migration and Natural Increase(birth and death rates) |
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Case Study- Dhaka, Bangladesh |
Background info:Capital city of Bangladesh, pop of around 12m, expected to increase to 21m by 2025, and to 40m by 2050, surrounded by rivers and streams- probe to flooding, people migrate from countryside due to oppurtunities This has led to... Increased number of diseases More shanty houses being built Water is polluted due to poor sanitation and contamination Air pollution due to factories/fires Waste build up due to no method of removal, health hazards caused Lack of jobs, leads to illegal activity Child labour is a problem |
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