Geography Pg 28 - 38

Front 1

What is climate?

Back 1

The usual conditions in the atmosphere over a long time

Front 2

What are the most important parts of weather and climate?

Back 2

Temperature and rainfall

Front 3

What is temperature?

Back 3

It describes how hot or cold something is

Front 4

What are the factors that influence temperature and rainfall?

Back 4

Distance from the equator (latitude)

Distance from the sea

Height above sea level (altitude)

Ocean Currents

Mountains

Front 5

What is weather?

Back 5

It is the day-to-day conditions in the atmosphere

Front 6

Explain why the further you go away from the equator the lower the temperature becomes

Back 6

1. The round shape of the Earth means that the sun's rays are spread over a large area at the poles so temperatures are low

2. The sun's rays are concentrated over the equator causing high temperatures

Front 7

Why is temperature and rainfall of an area influenced by the distance it is from the sea?

Back 7

Because land is a solid it heats up quicker and cools down quicker than water which is a liquid. The temperature of the oceans and the temperature of the Land affect the temperature of the air above them. Warm air from the oceans warm the land next to the coast and cool air from the ocean cools the land next to the coast.

Front 8

Why do places next to the sea have cooler Summers and warmer Winters than places inland?

Back 8

Because inland places heat up quickly and have hot summer temperatures. Inland place also cool down and have lower winter temperatures than places close to the sea

Front 9

Inland places have ________ Winters than places close to the sea

Back 9

Colder

Front 10

Land heats up more ___________than water

Back 10

Faster

Front 11

Water cools down more ___________than land

Back 11

Slower

Front 12

What is altitude?

Back 12

The heights above sea level

Front 13

What is radiation?

Back 13

Heat from the sun

Front 14

Temperature _____________ with altitude

Back 14

Decreases

Front 15

On average temperature drops ______ for every 1000m

Back 15

6.5 degrees celcius

Front 16

A place that is 2000m above sea level should be _________ cooler than a place at sea level at the same latitude

Back 16

13 degrees Celsius

Front 17

Why does temperature decrease with altitude?

Back 17

When the solar radiation reaches Earth it heats the Earth surface then the Earth surface heats the air above it. There are more air molecules in the air that is close to the earth surface so heat passes easily between these molecules thereby warming the air. Air that is high above the earth's surface is less dense and the heat does not easily pass between these molecules so the air remains much cooler.

Front 18

How do ocean currents affect temperature?

Back 18

Cold ocean currents cool the air above the cold water which lowers the temperature on land. Warm ocean currents warm the air over the warm water which race is the temperature of places next to the coast.

Front 19

How do ocean currents affect rainfall?

Back 19

Cold ocean currents cools the air above it which releases moisture as rain. As the wind blows it towards land it lowers the temperature and reduces rainfall.

Warm ocean currents warm the air above it and raises the temperature on land. The warm air hold more moisture than cold air which causes rain.

Front 20

What are the different physical regions in South Africa?

Back 20

The plateau

Escarpment

Lowlands

Coastal plain

Front 21

What ocean currents are deserts often found and on which side of the continents?

Back 21

Deserts are found on the WEST coast of continents next to COLD ocean currents

Front 22

Why do places along the coastline often receive heavy rainfall

Back 22

Warm ocean currents warm the air above it and raises the temperature on land. The warm air hold more moisture than cold air which causes rain.

Front 23

Why are deserts found next to cold ocean currents?

Back 23

Cold ocean currents cools the air above it which releases moisture as rain. As the wind blows it towards land it lowers the temperature and reduces rainfall.

Front 24

What is relief?

Back 24

The shape of the land

Front 25

What is this factor that influences temperature and rainfall?

Back 25

Height above sea level (altitude)

Front 26

What is this factor that influences temperature and rainfall?

Back 26

Distance from the equator (latitude)

Front 27

What is this factor that influences temperature and rainfall?

Back 27

Distance from the sea

Front 28

Back 28

*The round shape of the Earth means the sun's rays are spread over a larger area at the north pole so temperatures are low.

*The sun's rays are concentrated over the equator so it causes high temperatures in this area.

*Kampala is on the east coast of the continent and will have a warm ocean current. Helsinki is on the west coast of the continent and will have a cold ocean current.

Front 29

Which surface retains (keeps) heat longer at night... Sand on the beach or water in the ocean?

Back 29

Water in the ocean

Front 30

Durban has a max temp of 30 degrees in January and a minimum temperature of 16 degrees in June. What is the temperature range?

Back 30

30 - 16 = 14 degrees

Front 31

Why is Bloemfonteins temperature so much higher in comparison to Durban? What factor is being shown?

Back 31

Bloemfontein is inland and Durban is on the coast. The land heats up quicker inland than on the coast. Factor is distance from the sea

Front 32

Back 32

Colder

Front 33

Would East London or Hogsback have more rain? Explain

Back 33

East London because it is next to the Indian Ocean which has the warm Agulhas Current that warms the air and holds moisture that brings rain.

Front 34

Which place would have a higher temperature in the summer, East London or Hogsback?

Back 34

East London

Front 35

What ocean current flows southwards past the east coast of SA?

Back 35

Warm Agulhas Current

(this is the current that East London, Durban, PE has)

Front 36

What current flows northwards along the west coast of Southern Africa?

Back 36

Cold Benguela current

(that is why CT sea is cold)

Front 37

What causes the cities along the East Coast of SA to have rain in summer and mild temperatures in winter?

Back 37

The Agulhas Current warms the air above it and this warm air holds moisture that brings the rain in summer. In winter the warm air keeps the winter temperatures mild

Front 38

How are cities along the west coast of South Africa influenced by the current?

Back 38

The cold Benguela Current causes the air above it to cool. This causes moisture to condense out of the air in the form of rain. The wind then blows the cool dry air and this is how the climate is influences by the current

Front 39

Humid?

Back 39

Moist, damp air

Front 40

Mild?

Back 40

Not very hot or very cold

Front 41

Fog?

Back 41

Condensed moisture in the air making it difficult to see

Front 42

What does condense mean?

Back 42

When the air cools to 0 degrees or lower, causing water to change from a gas to a liquid

Front 43

Draw a labeled diagram to show how latitude (distance from the equator) affects temperature on earth.

Back 43

Front 44

What is Durban's highest rainfall?

Back 44

77mm

Front 45

Why does Durban (B) have more rainfall that Port Nolloth (A)?

Back 45

Durban has the warm Agulhas Current which warms the air above it that holds the moisture. There is more evaporation therefore causes more precipitation.

Port Nolloth has the cold Benguela Current which cools the air above it. There is less evaporation therefore less precipitation

Front 46

Why is Durban's average temperature higher than Port Nolloth's average temperature?

Back 46

Durban has higher temperature because it has the warm Agulhas Current that warms the air above it.

Port Nolloth has colder temperature because it has the cold Benguela Current that cools the air above it.