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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vegetation in Canada |
The vegetation wee see in Canada is not natural. Instead, it has been introduced through agriculture and human activity |
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Major natural vegetation types in Canada |
1. Forest 2. Grassland 3. Tundra |
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Types of Vegetation: Forest |
1. Deciduous forests are composed of trees that lose their leaves each winter ex. Broadleaf forest and Carolinian forest (Southern Ontario) 2. Coniferous forests are composed of evergreen trees ex. Boreal Forest (Canadian Shield) |
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Types of Vegetation: Grassland |
Found in relatively dry climates, the quality of grass varies with moisture Grasslands are only found in the prairie provinces |
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Xerophyte |
A plant that has adapted to low amounts of water |
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Types of Vegetation: Tundra |
Small plants survive harsh climates, they reproduce by runners found in Arctic and alpine areas |
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Adaptations of Tundra |
Tundra plants have shallow root systems due to the permafrost environment the leaves of the plants are waxy in order to reduce moisture loss |
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Krumholz |
a plant that grows in a sideways formation because of harsh dry winds |
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Permafrost |
from where the mean annual temperature of the soil is below zero |
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Discontinuous permafrost |
30-80% of the ground is always frozen |
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Continous permafrost |
80% of the ground is always frozen |
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Alpine Tree line |
the line marking the zone of continuos permafrost roughly follows the tree line |
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Risks of Permafrost Melting |
Melting of permafrost can cause roads and railways to buckle and buildings to fracture utilities and pipelines are built above ground; houses are built on stilts |
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Soil types in Canada |
1. Cryosolic = Far North 2. Podzolic = Canadian Shield 3. Luvisolic = Southern Ontario 4. Chernozemic = Prairies 5. Mountain Complex = Rockis |
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Cryosolic Soil |
Found north of the tree line frozen ground dominant soil in territories found where the mean annual temp is below 0 and permafrost is common |
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Podzolic Soil |
Northern Ontario found in cool, moist climates light grey in colour coniferous vegetation common leaching is evident |
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Luvisolic Soil |
Southern Ontario found in human continental climate deciduous vegetation is common more organic content warmer summers leef to quick decomposition of organic material |
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Chernozemic Soil |
The west grasslands found in dry climates grassland in common soil is very dark in colour high in organic content some leaching -- leads to flooding |
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Palliser's Triangle |
Semi-arid area in western Canada was named by John Palliser, a leader of a survey expedition of the Canadian west for Britain in the mid 1800s pronounced the area unsuitable for agriculture since then, wheat growing and cattle grazing have become common land uses |
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Drainage Basins |
Every river has a drainage basin = the area of surrounding land that is drained by that river drainage basics can also be define for lakes |
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Divides |
Divides from the boundaries of drainage basins a divide is a ridge of higher land that separate which way rivers flow |
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Continental Divide |
The continental divide is located along the spine of the Rocky Mountains. It forms much of the Albert-BC border Separates which ocean the water will eventually drain into |
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Drainage Basins as Open Systems |
inputs: precipitation outputs: rivers, evaporation |
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Columbia Ice Field |
one of last remaining ice sheets in Canada straddles the continental divide in Jasper National Park home to 8 major alpine glaciers |
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