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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What human and physical characteristics help to define world regions? Provide examples of what constitutes a border between one region or country from another.
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People, human actions, and a peaple's self image about the region they live in actually creates regions. Human actions come into play over physical environment characteristics when creating regions. Humans differentiate themselves from other regions; thus considering themselves as a part of a certain region. Business and Companies also select themselves to be part of certain regions (e.g. China trades with America). People in major positions of power (throughout history and present time) play a role in how regions are separated.
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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Combination of maps and aerial and satellite images with data relevent to the area.
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Greenhouse effect
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A natural process when heat rays are absorbed in the lower atmosphere by water vapor and carbon gases. This process raises the temperature of the air.
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Demography
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The study of population structure and change, taking natural change and migration into consideration.
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Outsourcing
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A business or government agency contracting with a company to produce a good or perform a service that at one point was originally produced or performed for itself. Outsourcing occurs both inside and outside of countries. One of the main advantages of outsourcing is that it can save a company a lot of money. On the other hand, a drawback of outsourcing is that it eliminates direct communication between a company and its’ clients. According to Statistic Brain’s, “Job Outsourcing Statistics” website, 2,273,3992 U.S. jobs were outsourced in 2011
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Natural Resources
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Natural resources are Earth’s materials that human societies identify as useful. Whether or not a human finds such resources useful, depends upon his/her level of technology and cultural perceptions. Moreover, natural resources come from nature, and are not made by humans. Some examples of natural resources are water, fertile soils, and minerals in rock
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Renewable Resource
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A renewable resource is a natural resource that naturally replenishes itself with the passage of time. Although renewable resources do have the ability to replenish itself, such resources are limited, and are often overused
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Spatial Analysis
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studies that examine links among places
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Human Geography
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Is the study of the distribution of people and their activities (economics, cultures, politics, and urban changes).
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Absolute Distance
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the distance between places measured in kilometers or miles
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How are the concepts of environment, culture, resource, and development relevant to the study of world regional geography?
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The concept of environment is relevant to the study of world regional geography in that the growing seasons, water, availability, soil types, and minerals influenced the locations and concentrations of people. Oceans, mountains, and deserts influence migration routes. Natural environments such as atmosphere and hydrosphere interactions, lithosphere movements, the shape of the earths surface, hazards and resources have influence on population of people, living things. Culture is relevant to the study of world regional geography in that language use, religious beliefs, food, dress, recreation, and social organization influence how people create and re-create the distinctiveness of their regions, which in turn shape the lives of regions' inhabitants and their descendants. Development is relevant to the study in that it influences where people migrate for work, financial gain. Wealth and poverty, the use of resources, the production, distribution, and consumption of goods, and the flows of labor and capital influence population, natural resources, and globalization.
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Relative location
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direction and distance of one place with reference to another
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Indigenous
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First inhabitants of any given area
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Orographic lifting
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hilly area usually facing oceanic moisture sources, cause uplift of air and enhanced precipitation totals
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Globalization
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The increasing level of interconnection among people and places throughout the world.
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Cultural Hearth
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A small region of the world that acted as a catalyst for developments in technology, religion, or language, and as a base for their diffusion.
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Central Business District
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The area in the center of a city where shops, offices, and financial services are concentrated, normally to the virtual exclusion of residential facilities.
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Place
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A point or area on Earth’s surface having a geographic character defined by what it looks like, what people do there, and how they feel about it. Often identified by their position, or location, on the globe. Example, a place may be an individual building, small town, large city, rural area, another state, or another country.
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Scale
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The size ratio used to measure size differences among the places of the world to map distance, usually quoted as a fraction or ratio.
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Biome
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A world-scale ecosystem type, such as tropical rain forest or savanna grassland
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human development index
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a tool developed to rank the countries in levels of social and economic rank
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What is an interdisciplinary approach to learning and how does Geography achieve this?
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An interdisciplinary approach to learning is one that uses two or more areas of learning. Geography achieves this by using both physical and social sciences
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How does climate change from north to south, east to west in these regions? Russia and Europe
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The regions of Europe and Russia each experience climate changes, ranging from north to south, and east to west. Europe, a mainly coastal environment, has a midlatitude climate that is determined by oceanic atmospheric conditions. With that being said, the climate in northern Europe varies at extremely cold temperatures, whereas the climate in southern Europe has summer droughts around the Mediterranean Sea. Moving onto eastern Europe, the climate there is a continental temperate climate. This means that the winters are very dry and cold, and the summers are hot and include thunderstorms. In the western parts of Europe, the climate is an oceanic temperate climate. This means that there are cooler summers and milder winters.
The majority of places in the region of Russia are farthest from the ocean. This means that the ocean has very little effects on its’ climate. With that being said, Russia has a midlatitude continental interior climate that ranges from arid to humid to arctic conditions. In northern Russia, the climate is cold/arctic and the winters are quite long, whereas in southern Russia the climate is arid and warmer. In eastern Russia, the climate is sub-humid, which means that there is low precipitation, as well as low temperatures. Lastly, the climate in western Russia includes dry/cold winters, and the hot summers. |
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Acid Rain
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A rain or any other form of precipitation that is typically acidic. Acid rain has elevated levels of hydrogen ions. Because of this, it is quite harmful to the environment and other living organisms such as, animals, and plants. There are many ways that our society can reduce acid rain, some which include cleaning up exhaust pipes, using alternative sources of energy, and restoring a damaged environment.
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Tundra
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A type of ecosystem found in cold polar environments, which consists of mosses, grasses, and low shrubs. In a tundra biome, a tree’s growth is slowed down by low temperatures and shorter timeframes for growth. Because of this, tundras do not have trees
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Fjord
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A former glaciated valley that was flooded by water from the ocean after the sea level rose in the post glacial age. Fjords are usually long and narrow bodies of water that are surrounded by high cliffs. One example of a fjord can be found in Norway. This fjord is called the Geiranger Fjord, and it is one of Norway’s most visited tourist sites
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Which factor promoted European migration and colonization in the 17-19th century?
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The factors that cause the Europeans to migrated could have been due to demographic pressures, health and security. The Europeans were afraid for their lives and wanted to find peace so they fled their country and tried to colonize themselves as American citizens
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Human rights
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the right for all human beings to be treated equality, fairly, justly, and have the freedom to do as one sees fit. Freedom of expression, speech, life, thought
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Ethnicity
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is distinctiveness in culture, traits, or an ethnic affiliation. Relating to a group in society by descent
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Capitalism
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an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods, characterized by a free competitive market and motivation by profit
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Primate city
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A city that contains a large proportion of urban population of country, often several times the population of the second city
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Guest worker
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A foreigner who has permission to reside in a country to work but is not a citizen of that country
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Gentrification
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The movement of higher income groups to occupy and improve residents in older and poorer central parts of western cities
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What are the sources of political conflict in the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia
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The Soviets drew the republics’ boundaries in a way to help the Communist government in Moscow keep control over central Asia causing tensions between groups. The boundaries caused the Central Asians conflict with one another, thus weakening their resistance to Moscow’s rule, in turn the people look to Moscow to maintain peace causing ethnic conflict. Economic development was a source of conflict, when the economic output of the five countries (Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Krygrystan) were redirected to supplying the needs for Russia with the extraction of coal, iron, chromium, oil, and natural gas, leaving the Central Asians feeling doubtful of being taken advantage of. Central Asia saw major industrialization and construction of infrastructure, suppression of local cultures, deaths from failed collectivization programs, and environmental problems.
Resources also caused conflict where disputes over the allocation of water flowing in the rivers that pass a number of countries. Serious tensions exist between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan over water in the Fergana Valley, where agriculture reform and land privatization programs are endangered by the water disputes |
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Communism
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A system in which the workers govern and collectively own the means of economic production. When spelled with a “C,” Communism refers not to the system as it was originally envisioned but rather to the totalitarian systems adopted in countries such as the Soviet Union and China, where small elite groups rule or ruled under the guise of communism. -Karl Marx known as the father of communism, believed that a truly utopian society must be classless and stateless and that the government control all means of production so that the one-class system would remain constant, and no middle citizens rising back to the top
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Imperialism
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The practice of extending the rule of an empire over foreign lands. A strong nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates its economic, political, or cultural life. In the 1800s and early 1900s the European nations and Japan practiced this. A nation would experience industrialization prior to practicing imperialism on a foreign nation or region. This was due to the never ending demand for cheap raw materials and the need for markets to buy manufactured goods
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World Heritage Site
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A place listed by the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) as of special cultural or physical significance. For example the Yellowstone National Park
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Identify the locations of each subregion of Europe and Russia and the associated historic linguistic and religious characteristics of each subregion:Western Europe
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includes Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Republic of Ireland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The most common languages are the Germanic languages and the Primary religion is Roman Catholic.
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Identify the locations of each subregion of Europe and Russia and the associated historic linguistic and religious characteristics of each subregion:Northern Europe
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includes Denmark, Faeroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Germanic languages are most commonly spoken by the Scandinavians and a Finno-Ugric language closely related to the Hungarian and are not Indo-Eropean. Evangelical Lutheran Christians is the major religion in Northern Europe. Approximately 90% or more are Lutheran in the four major countries and Iceland. This form of Christianity attributed to the very serious and community-conscious attitudes towards work and life. Recently a combination of affluence and materialism has loosed the control exercised by the churches
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Identify the locations of each subregion of Europe and Russia and the associated historic linguistic and religious characteristics of each subregion:Medeterranean Europe
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includes the four large countries Greece, Italy, portugal, and spain. Also includes five small countries Andorra, Monaco, Vatican City, San Marino, and Malta. The Portuguese, Spanish, and Italians all speak languages in the Romance branch of Indo-European language family. The most common religion int his region is Roman Catholic. Both the language and religions were inherited from the Romans. Greece is primarily Eastern Orthodox Christian and the language Greek has its own branch with the Indo-European family
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Identify the locations of each subregion of Europe and Russia and the associated historic linguistic and religious characteristics of each subregion:East Central Europe
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includes Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Macedonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The West Slavs, Slovenes, and Croats use the latin alphabet and the South Slavs (Serbs, Macedonians, and Bulgarians) use the Cryllic alphabet because they are Eastern Orthodox christians. Romanian stands as a language and it is the only Romance language spoken in the subregion. The Romanians are primarily Eastern Orthodox. Lithuania and Latvian are Roman Catholics and speak a Finno-Ugric language like Finnish and Hungarian. With 70% of its population, Albania is the most Muslim country in the Europe
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European Union
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E.U is the name adopted by the European Community in 1993, suggesting both an expansion to other European countries following the end of the Cold War and the possibility of a future closer political federation
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Agribusiness
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The large scale commercialization of agriculture that places farming within the broader context of inputs of seeds, fertilizer, machinery and so on,and of outputs of processing, marketing, and distribution
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Nationalism
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The desire of a nation to have a country that only it governs
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A military alliance that was formed in 1949 to counter the military threat of the Souviet Union. NATO included non-Communist European countries and the United States
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NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
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Policies used to encourage/force non-Russians to adopt Russian cultural characteristics
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Russification
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The process when one ethnic group removes another ethnic group from the territory, which is done in either 3 ways: expulsion, extermination, or forced assimilation. Ex: During the Holocaust Nazis' attempt to exterminate the Jews and other groups during World War II
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Ethnic Cleansing
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Which factor promoted European migration and colonization in the 17-19th century?
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The Europeans were seemed to be frightened enough to feel that their safety's in jeopardy and by feeling so they decided to move to themselves to recolonize their whole group. The demographics of America was being fought over by everyone. The colonization of their people was an important one for the survival of the Europeans. They gained demographic security and overall power.
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any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods. A system or condition of society in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state
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socialism
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farming fields in east, south and southeast Asia
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Padi Farming
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permanently frozen subsoil occurring throughout the polar regions
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Permafrost
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How does climate change from north to south, east to west in these regions
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Europe's climate is based on oceanic atmospheric conditions. The western coastal countries of Europe have mild winters and warmer summers. Oceanic temperate climate is from southern Norway to Spain. The Atlantic ocean brings rain throughout the year and because of the Ocean water has cooled and slowed it is melting the ice cap causing the temperature to rarely drop below freezing. Along the south (subtropical winter rain climate)the temperature stays above freezing and the summer is hot and dry. In eastern and central Europe the continental temperate climate which can be cold windy and freezing temperatures and the summers are warmer than on the coast. Most of Europe is worked about the potential effects of global warming. One of Europe's greatest places is Italy, which is subsiding. In the North its polar cold and humid in the west. Russia becomes extremely cold in the winter and hot during summer. The warmest climates are around the Central Asia countries. North of Russia the climate gets colder and it last longer due being north of the Arctic Circle
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What are some of the challenges posed by expansion of the European Union and NATO into Eastern Europe and countries linked to the former Soviet Union?
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One of the challenges posed by expanding the European Union (EU) and NATO into Eastern Europe and countries linked to the former Soviet Union is solely based of the fact that the process for each individual country to become part of the EU seems to take a very long time. The integration of euro for all of the countries incorporated with the EU has also proven to create some financial strain considering some countries, like Germany, are far more wealthy than Romania, which makes Germany feel like they have to work harder. Economically, it could, and probably is, beneficial for these countries to essentially be recognized as one so they are able to compete in the worlds ever-evolving economy
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A person belonging to one particular group. Within this group of people, they all have the same beliefs and practice the same traditions
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Ethnicity
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Places that lie north of 40 Degrees, far from oceans, and are extremely cold in the winter and hot during the summer season
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Contintentality
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What helps explain Western Europe’s historical success as a globally dominant regional power?
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Western Europe comprised of the first countries to achieve a colonial and industrial revolution. This allowed them to set up major trade flows, which is presently still in effect. The economies of Germany, France, and the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland) are ranked in order, the third, fourth, and fifth largest in the world. Ranked very high in human health, education, and income standards, these countries are all in the top 20 on the human development index (HDI). The HDI is a gathered list of statistics, showing three major human development areas; education, income per capita, and life expectancy. All of these, with addition to a strong presence in the United Nations Security Council and with English and French being the most commonly spoken languages around the world, is why Western Europe has had great success as a globally dominant regional power
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What natural hazards face the people of Southeast Asia?
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The people of Southeast Asia face Tsunamis, which are caused by water displacement from the uplift of the seafloor earthquakes. Southeast Asia also faces pollution, erosion, and mining excavations. The expanding agriculture and exporting lumber has resulted in deforestation in large parts of the region. There is also illegal and corrupt logging that has exacerbated existing environmental conditions. This causes soil erosion, watershed flooding, and destructive offshore sedimentation of fisheries and coral reef areas.
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a tropical storm of hurricane type experienced in Southeast and East Asia
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Typhoon
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Seasonal shift in predominant wind patterns that often produces seasonal changes in precipitation
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Monsoon
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the result of introducing high-yeilding strains of wheat and rice. The outputs of commercial farms in South and East Asia increased by several times, but the costs of seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides were too high for small farmers.
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Green Revolution
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Define the term monsoon and describe its impacts in Asia
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The monsoons of Asia significantly impact the continent in a variety of ways. First off, a monsoon is a shift in wind and precipitation patterns that occurs seasonally. With this shift in wind and precipitation patterns, there are dry seasons, as well as wet seasons that result in heavy downpours of rain. One of the most significant impacts that a monsoon has on Asia is that it determines the climate of the continent all year long. With that being said, the monsoons of the summer season, result in a humid climate with heavy rainfall. The monsoons of the winter season are a little less harsh on the continent. Because of this, the climate during the winter season is much dyer, with occasional droughts. Aside from determining the climate, monsoons also impact Asia by replenishing their agricultural industry. Since many areas of this continent do not have irrigation systems to water their crops, many tea and rice farmers rely on summer monsoons to get the job done. Through the water provided by the monsoons, many farmers are able to sell their goods, and feed their families. This then strengthens the Asian economy by lessening the food imports. On the other hand, there are negative impacts that monsoons have upon Asia. For example, many monsoons of the summer season often damage the environment by flooding streets, homes villages and crops. In addition, many people of Asia often die or drown during such heavy monsoon occurrences. All in all, monsoons have both positive and negatives impacts in Asia
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a class division of power, and is linked to the Hinduism religion. This social class system was used by the Aryan people thousands of years ago. Going in order from highest to lowest, the caste order is made up of the following: priests, warriors & rulers, commoners, and the untouchables or outcasts. The interesting thing about the caste order is that you have to be born into it, in order to have a place in the system. In addition, because of the radicalness of Hinduism and the caste order, many followers such as, Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha), converted to Buddhism.
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Caste Order
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India’s film industry, which is done in India’s native language of Hindu. This film industry is based in Mumbai (Bombay), India, and is the largest film producer in India. Interestingly enough, the term Bollywood is derived from Bombay (the capital city of India) and Hollywood. One example of a Bollywood-style film that some of you may know is called The Guru, which stars actress Heather Graham and actor Jimi Mistry.
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Bollywood
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an office that is used solely for the purposes of receiving large amounts of phone calls. Many large corporate companies such as, AT&T, often use call centers to offer support and provide information to their customers. In many films and movies that are based in the country of India, such as The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel, characters are seen playing the role of an employee that works at a call center.
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Call Center
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What world religions originated in Asia?
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Hinduism
Buddhism Sikhism Confusicism |
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A series of almost continuous metropolitan centers with urban functions that exchange flows of people and goods with the surrounding area
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Megalopolis
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When the U.S feared that the spread of communism would overtake bordering countries one after another like a row of falling dominos
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Domino Theory
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An industrial corridor if connected lowlands where a line of cities along the "bullet train" and major highway routes have urbanized former agricultural land
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Shinkansen
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Mao Zedongs attempts to change the support of Chinese society between 1966 to 1976
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Cultural Revolution
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A country th that stands between major world powers and helps to decrease direct conflicts between them
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Buffer State
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A group of Asian and Pacific countries dedicated to trade liberalization
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Asia-Pacific Economic Corporation (APEC)
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Why and how can East Asia be defined as "the Chinese realm"?
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The reason why and how East Asia can be defined as the Chinese realm probably has to do a lot with China expanding to it farthest limit. In East Asia they were a lot of Chinese people their written language was Chinese writing and socially many practice Chinese culture. How it could be defined as a Chinese realm is through their regional criteria , economically, and socially
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a name given to a process in which Indonesia attempted to ease overpopulation on Java by moving large numbers of people to the less inhabited Islands
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Transmigration
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The attempt by Mao Zedong between 1966 and 1976 to change the basis of chinese society. This disruption held back the country’s economic development.
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Cultural Revolution
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Association of Southeast Asia Nations. (p.256) initially it was a defensive alliance rather than a trading one, but the peace it established formed a basis for economic growth. Seeks to accelerate regional economic growth, social progress, cultural development and promote regional peace and stability
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ASEAN
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How does Japan remain a leader in the global economy?
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Japan currently remains a leader in global economy. Economy has changed after 1945 World War II and Japan recovered from being defeated and became the second wealthiest country. By 1980, Japanese economy grew and focused on exporting manufactured goods. Japan begin to have pride in being able to export goods to foreign markets. Japan agriculture is being protected from foreign competition. Japan has manufactured products from steel, iron and making autos and high tech items.
Also Japanese revenue rised from anime, video games, music, films, which also helped gather 12.5 billion in 2002. |
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Identify the subregions of South Asia and the physical features that dominate the region: The Republic of India
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the world's second-largest country in total population, has a dominant role within teh region
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Identify the subregions of South Asia and the physical features that dominate the region: Bangladesh and Pakistan
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two Muslim countries resulting from the breakup of the original Pakistan in 1971
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Identify the subregions of South Asia and the physical features that dominate the region: The Mountain and Islam Rim
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comprising Afghanistan, Nepal, and Bhutan in the mountainous north and Sri Lanka and the Maldives in the island south, includes a group of smaller countries on the margins of South Asia
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based off of natural phenomena such as landforms, animals and plants
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Ecotourism
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What European countries were involved in the colonization of Asia and what were the purposes of their colonial activities?
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Portugal, Spain, France, Britain, and the Netherlands were involved in the colonization of Asia. Their main purpose was to expand trade and manufacture more goods to sell such as coffee, rubber, and other new crops for export. Although these countries tried to invade Asia and impose their desires they did not go without opposition.
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Strip of "no man's land" that is flanked on both sides by heavily militarized areas (North and south Korea)
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Demilitarized Zones
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A hydroelectric dam in China that spans along the Yangtze River
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Three Gorges Dam
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What natural hazards face the people of Southeast Asia?
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The people in the region of Southeast Asia live close to plate boundaries which causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Typhoons, droughts, and floods are known to affect the region as well. The region is close to the Indian Ocean making it vulnerable to tsunamis.
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What do Jammu and Kashmir have to do with peace in South Asia?
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The Simla agreement divided Kashmir into two states. It was divided into the Pakistan state of Kashmir and the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. By doing this, it helped to bring peace to South Asia by better establishing a line of control throughout.
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A group that one belongs to. These groups typically have the same beliefs and practice the same traditions.
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Ethnicity
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In the 1950’s, China developed collectivization for their agriculture. Collectivization is the process that combined a number of farming households to work together to form a cooperative. Land owners would pay for tools and work animals, and also supplied labor, while getting paid for their land and labor inputs
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Collectivization
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