Geography Final Vocabulary Mrs. Carroll

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Grid System

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Shows the location of a point on a map a coordinate system on the map using

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Volcano

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is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface

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Parallel

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Another name for Latatude Lines

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Prime meridian

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The longtitude line that is 0 degrees

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Meridian

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is an imaginary arc on the Earth's surface from the North Pole to the South Pole (longtitude)

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Bazaar

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a marketplace or shopping quarter, esp. one in the Middle East.

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Atlas

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collection of maps

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5 Themes of Geography

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Location, Place, Region, Movement, Human-environment Interaction

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Glen

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A glen is a valley, typically one that is long, deep

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Oasis

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is an isolated area of vegetation in a desert, typically surrounding a spring or similar water source

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Swamp

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A swamp is a wetland featuring temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water.

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Harbor/ Haven

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is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. Harbors can be man-made or natural.

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Canyon/ Gorge

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is a deep valley between cliffs often carved from the landscape by a river.

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Fjord

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is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides, created in a valley carved by glacial activity.

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Cape

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is a point or body of land extending into a body of water, usually the sea.

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Cradle of Civilization

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is any of the possible locations for the emergence of civilization.

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Ethnicity

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is a group of humans who identify heritage through similarities like common ancestry, history, kinship, religion, language, shared territory, nationality or physical appearance.

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Continental Divide

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is a drainage divide on a continent such that the drainage basin on one side of the divide feeds into one ocean or sea

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Cartography

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is the study and practice of making geographical maps.

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Temperate deciduous forest

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A forest that consists of trees that lose their leaves every year

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Loess

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is an aeolian sediment formed by the accumulation of wind-blown silt and lesser and variable amounts of sand and clay.

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aeolian

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processes pertain to the activity of the winds

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Moraine

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is any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock) which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions

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Relief map

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is the third or vertical dimension of land surface

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Elevation map

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detailed and accurate graphic that shows elevation

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canadian shield

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is a massive geological shield covered by a thin layer of soil that forms the nucleus of the North American or Laurentia craton

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alluvial plain

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relatively flat landform created by the deposition of sediment over a long period of time by one or more rivers coming from highland regions

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Economic geography

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is the study of the location, distribution and spatial organization of economic activities across the Earth.

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Arabian Peninsula

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is a peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia.

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mesa

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is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs.

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peninsula

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is a piece of land that is surrounded by water but connected to mainland via an isthmus.

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Ayatollah

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is a high ranking title given to Usuli Twelver Shī‘ah clerics. Those who carry the title are experts in Islamic studies such as jurisprudence, ethics, and philosophy and usually teach in Islamic seminaries.

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Hajj

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is a pilgrimage in Mecca

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Theocracy

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is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler

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Zionism

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is the international political movement that originally supported the reestablishment of a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel

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palestinian

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are an Arabic-speaking people with family origins in Palestine.

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volcano

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is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface.

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desalination

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refers to any of several processes that remove excess salt and other minerals from water.

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wadi

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is the Arabic term traditionally referring to a valley. In some cases, it may refer to a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain or simply an intermittent stream.

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mosque

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is a place of worship for followers of Islam

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cathedral

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It is a religious building for worship, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy

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synagogue

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usually have a large hall for prayer (the main sanctuary), smaller rooms for study and sometimes a social hall and offices. Some have a separate room for Torah study.

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Muslim

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is an adherent of the religion of Islam

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Islam

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is the religion articulated by the Qur’an (has only one God)

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Judaism

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is a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Tanakh, and explored and explained in later texts such as the Talmud.

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Christianity

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based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. (has only one God)

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Rain Shadow

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is a dry area on the mountainside facing away from the direction of the wind.

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World Trade Organization

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is an international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade.

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Nationalism

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generally involves the identification of an ethnic identity with a state.

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Lagoon

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is a body of comparatively shallow salt or brackish water separated from the deeper sea by a shallow or exposed barrier beach,

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Karst

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is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite.

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Atoll

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is an island of coral that encircles a lagoon partially or completely.

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Kurds

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are an Ethnic-Iranian ethnolinguistic group mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.

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Shiia

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is the second largest denomination of Islam. More strict

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Sunni

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is the largest branch of Islam, More traditional

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OPEC

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an organization founded in 1960 of nations that export large amounts of petroleum: formed to establish oil-exporting policies and set prices.

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subcontinental

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a large, relatively self-contained landmass forming a subdivision of a continent: the subcontinent of India.

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alluvial soil

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a deposit of sand, mud, etc., formed by flowing water.

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strait

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a narrow passage of water connecting two large bodies of water.

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Political Geography

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is the field of human geography that is concerned with the study of both the spatially uneven outcomes of political processes.

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Mecca

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Also, Makkah, Mekka. a city in and the capital of Hejaz, in W Saudi Arabia: birthplace of Muhammad; spiritual center of Islam.

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Infrastructure

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the basic, underlying framework or features of a system or organization.

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Gulf

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a portion of an ocean or sea partly enclosed by land.

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Nomadic

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a member of a people or tribe that has no permanent abode but moves about from place to place, usually seasonally and often following a traditional route or circuit according to the state of the pasturage or food supply.

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Basin

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a circular container with a greater width than depth, becoming smaller toward the bottom, used chiefly to hold water or other liquid, esp. for washing.

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Rift

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an opening made by splitting, cleaving, etc.; fissure; cleft; chink.

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Ethnic Identity

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An individual's feeling of belonging to a particular ethnic group, and where your bloodline starts.

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Ring of Fire

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the linear zone of seismic and volcanic activity that coincides in general with the margins of the Pacific Plate.

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Tornado

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destructive windstorm occurring over land

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Earthquake

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a series of vibrations induced in the earth's crust by the abrupt rupture and rebound of rocks in which elastic strain has been slowly accumulating.

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Plateau

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a land area having a relatively level surface considerably raised above adjoining land on at least one side, and often cut by deep canyons.

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Map Projection

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a projection of the globe onto a flat map using a grid of lines of latitude and longitude

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Torah

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the Pentateuch, being the first of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament.

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Maritime

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connected with the sea in relation to navigation, shipping, etc.

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Culture

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the quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, etc.

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Wailing wall

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A remnant of the retaining wall that underlay the second Temple in Jerusalem. The Western Wall is now a site of pilgrimage, lamentation, and prayer by Jews.

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Reef

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a ridge of rocks or sand, often of coral debris, at or near the surface of the water.

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Coniferous Forest

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The Coniferous Forest is a forest of Conifers, trees that produces its seeds in cones.

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Isthmus

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a narrow strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, connecting two larger bodies of land.

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Ramadan

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the ninth month of the Muslim calendar.

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Pilgrimage

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a journey, esp. a long one, made to some sacred place as an act of religious devotion.

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Esker

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a serpentine ridge of gravelly and sandy drift, believed to have been formed by streams under or in glacial ice.

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Escarpment

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a long, precipitous, clifflike ridge of land, rock, or the like, commonly formed by faulting or fracturing of the earth's crust.

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Secular

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of or pertaining to worldly things or to things that are not regarded as religious, spiritual, or sacred; temporal: secular interests.

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navigable

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deep and wide enough to provide passage to ships: a navigable channel.

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Estuary

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that part of the mouth or lower course of a river in which the river's current meets the sea's tide.

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Piedmont

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An area of land formed or lying at the foot of a mountain or mountain range.

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Medina

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a city in W Saudi Arabia, where Muhammad was first accepted as the supreme Prophet from Allah and where his tomb is located. 150,000.

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Population pyramid

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a graph showing the distribution of a population by sex, age, etc.

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Delta

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a nearly flat plain of alluvial deposit between diverging branches of the mouth of a river, often, though not necessarily, triangular.

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Caravan

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a group of travelers, as merchants or pilgrims, journeying together for safety in passing through deserts, hostile territory, etc.

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Subsistence

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the source from which food and other items necessary to exist are obtained.

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Koran, or Qur'an

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the sacred text of Islam, divided into 114 chapters, or suras: revered as the word of God, dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel, and accepted as the foundation of Islamic law, religion, culture, and politics.

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Cyclone

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like a hurricane, is a low pressure atmospheric mass.

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Tectonic Plates

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The dozen or so plates that make up the surface of the Earth. Their motion is studied in the field of plate tectonics.

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glacier

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an extended mass of ice formed from snow falling and accumulating over the years and moving very slowly.

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arable

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land that can be or is cultivated.

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atesian well

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a well in which water rises under pressure from a permeable stratum overlaid by impermeable rock.

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crevasse

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a fissure, or deep cleft, in glacial ice, the earth's surface, etc.

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secular

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not pertaining to or connected with religion

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Dome of the Rock

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a shrine in Jerusalem at the site from which Muhammad ascended through the seven heavens to the throne of God: built on the site of the Jewish Temple.

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Savannah

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grassland region with scattered trees, grading into either open plain or woodland, usually in subtropical or tropical regions.

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Fertile Crescent

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an agricultural region extending from the Levant to Iraq.

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Steppe

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an extensive plain, esp. one without trees.

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Plains

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an area of land not significantly higher than adjacent areas and with relatively minor differences in elevation.

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Bible

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the collection of sacred writings of the Christian religion, comprising the Old and New Testaments.

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Geyser

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a hot spring that intermittently sends up fountainlike jets of water and steam into the air.

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Cavern

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a cave, esp. one that is large and mostly underground.

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Gender Imbalance

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When the sex ratio is higher on one side.

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Terrain

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a tract of land, esp. as considered with reference to its natural features, military advantages, etc.

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Megalopolis

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an urban region, esp. one consisting of several large cities and suburbs that adjoin each other.

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Cultural Geography

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the study of the impact of human culture on the landscape

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Urban

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of, pertaining to, or designating a city or town.

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Human Geography

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Geography on patterns of human movement and grouping

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Astrolabe

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A medieval instrument, now replaced by the sextant, that was once used to determine the altitude of the sun or other celestial bodies.

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Chronometer

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A timepiece used for determining longitude at sea or for any purpose where very exact measurement of time is required.

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Pillars of Islam

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the five bases of the Islamic faith: shahada (confession of faith), salat (prayer), zakat (almsgiving), sawm (fasting, esp. during the month of Ramadan), and hajj (the pilgrimage to Mecca). Also called Pillars of the Faith.

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omg this test is hella long

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mhm