Geography Final

Front 1

Urbanization rates

Back 1

Rate in which a region urbanizes on an annual basis. LDC are urbanizing faster than MDC.

Front 2

Urban origins

Back 2

served as an economic centre of trade and commerce, facilitated by the invention of rapid transport.

Front 3

Cities as systems within a system of cities

Back 3

Cities, rather than countries are the economic and social headquarters of society. Thus, the interaction between cities is more relevant than ever. North america can be seen as a network of cities with each city having a role. Like the internet.

global-scale competition between urban economies, in which city administrations and private sector leaders seek to develop specialised niches in a globalised economy,

Coined by Brian J.L. Berry

Front 4

Census Criteria in canada

Back 4

Urban: Municipal govt. Pop at least 1000. min density 400sqkm

Metropolitan: min pop 100,000. 25-50% commute from municipalities.

Front 5

Metropolitanization

Back 5

also known as the megacities trend. Common in rapidly developing huge populace LDCs where industry booms creating massive city centres.

Front 6

Pre-Industrial (pedestrian orientated) cities

Back 6

Pre-industrial cities were concerned with commercial, craft and marketing industries and had no real division of areas within the city. The "elite" ruled the cores however. which become the economic and focal area.

Front 7

Central place theory

Back 7

A theory developed by Walter Christaller on how and where cities develop. Making the assumption that land and people exist, excluding geographic and social complications to attempt to explain where a city will develop.

size and location of central cities due to role of providing service to hinterlands.

Front 8

Hierarchy of services and of central places

Back 8

Central place theory suggests a hierarchy of settlements and a nested hierarchy of trading areas.

Front 9

Rank Size Rule

Back 9

Pr = P1/R

Where
Pr= population of centre r
P1 = population of largest centre
R = Rank size of centre r

So surrey is second largest to vancouver, it's rank size is 2.

Pr = P1/2

More developed cities with a long urban history tend to follow this rule. Whereas LDC's tend to follow a primate city where the largest is huge compared to a bunch of smaller cities.

Front 10

Urban primacy and centrality

Back 10

Primacy: cities at least twice as large as neighbouring cities

Centrality: accessibility of good to rural communities.

Front 11

World Cities

Back 11

Large cities with global economic importance power, financial backbones and large production

Front 12

Chicago model of urban form

Back 12

Concentric zones with social influences

Front 13

Sector model / Multiple Nuclei model

Back 13

Social factors: income, family status, ethnicity

Front 14

Gentrification

Back 14

Remove or improve

Front 15

Urban Sprawl

Back 15

Blah Blah Blah urban sprawl

Front 16

Post-modern urban theory

Back 16

There are no patterns or laws governing the structure of urban form.

Front 17

'Vicious circle' of congestion

Back 17

remember when you increase capacity you increase congestion.

Front 18

Denver solution

Back 18

concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment outside a traditional urban area in what had recently been a residential suburb or semi-rural community.