Geography Final

Front 1

agribusiness

Back 1

a set of economic and political relationships that organize agro-food production

Front 2

agriculteral industrialization

Back 2

the farm has moved from the centerpiece of production to and integrated string

Front 3

agriculture

Back 3

a business directed at the cultivation of crops and raising livestock

Front 4

biotechnology

Back 4

technique that uses living organisms to make or modify products

Front 5

chemical farming

Back 5

application of synthetic fertalizers to the soil

Front 6

farm crisis

Back 6

financial failure of and eventful foreclosure on thousands of family farms across the U.S midwest

Front 7

crop rotation

Back 7

method of maintaining soil fertility by changing the crop being planted

Front 8

commercial agriculture

Back 8

farming primarily for sale, not direct consumption

Front 9

food regime

Back 9

specific set of links that exist among food production and consumtion and capital investment

Front 10

green revolution

Back 10

export of a technological package of fertilizers, and high yeilding seeds, from the core to the periphery, increses global productivity

Front 11

intensive substance farming

Back 11

involves effective and efficient use, through considerable human labor and fertilizer use-small parcil of land

Front 12

shifting cultivation

Back 12

system in which farmers aim to maintain soil fertility by rotating the fields in which cultivation occurs

Front 13

creative destruction

Back 13

the withdrawel of investments from activites and regions that yeild low rates of profit in order to reinvest in new places

Front 14

agglomeration

Back 14

negative effects of urbanization and local concentration

Front 15

export processing zones

Back 15

small areas in which favorable investment and trading conditions are created by government in order to attract export industries

Front 16

external economies

Back 16

cost savings that result from circumstances beyond a firms own organization and methods of production

Front 17

foreign direct investment

Back 17

total of oversees business investments made by private companies

Front 18

infrastructure

Back 18

underlying framework of services and amenities needed to facilitate productive activity

Front 19

initial advantage

Back 19

critical importance of an early start in economic development

Front 20

offshore financial centers

Back 20

islands or microstates that have become a specialized node in the geography of worldwide financial flows

Front 21

localization economies

Back 21

cost saving that accrue to particular industries as a result of clustering together

Front 22

technology systems

Back 22

clusters of interrelated energy, transportation, and production technologies that dominate economic activity

Front 23

transnational corporations

Back 23

companies with investments and activites that span international boundries with subsidary companies

Front 24

urbanization economies

Back 24

external economies that accrue to producers because of the pckage of infrastructure associated with urban settings

Front 25

world cities

Back 25

declining out into the suburbs

Front 26

fordism

Back 26

principles for mass production based on assembly line techniques, mass consumption

Front 27

flexible production systems

Back 27

ability of manufacturers to shift quickely and efficiently from one level of output to another

Front 28

time-space convergence

Back 28

rate at which places move closer together in travel, cost, or communication

Front 29

economies of scale

Back 29

cost advantages to manufacturers that accrue from high volume production

Front 30

just-in-time production

Back 30

manufacturing process in which daily or hourly delivery schedules of materials allow for minimal or zero inventories

Front 31

squatter settlements

Back 31

residential developments that occur on land that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants