Geography Final

Front 1

How does an oxbow lake form?

Back 1

It forms with sediment. The river meanders, cuts through, and leaves an oxbow lake. Outside has greater velocity.

Front 2

In 40 years...

Back 2

It will show evidence of erosion and turbidity. It will also have differing higher or lower water level. If anything dramatic happens, meander scars may form because the river has changed coarses.

Front 3

What is the coriolis effect?

Back 3

It is an apparent deflection of moving objects when they are viewed from a rotating reference frame.

Front 4

What is the difference between high and low pressure?

Back 4

HIGH: Generally takes place in warm conditions, when the sun is shining. HIGH pressure air systems are made up of high airmass and pressure.

LOW pressure is generally seen on a day when the temperature is lower, and colder..
LOW pressure is made up of low airmass and pressure.

Front 5

ISOBARS

Back 5

Is a line of equal or constant pressure on a graph, plot, or map; also known as a contour line of pressure.
More accurately: Isobars are lines drawn on a map joining places with equal average atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level for a specified period of time.

Front 6

What does it mean when the isobars are close together?

Back 6

Generally means there is a steep gradient, or pressure change, and strong winds.

Front 7

What does it mean when the isobars are far apart?

Back 7

Generally means good weather, and indicated an anticyclonic system. Anticyclonic systems being calmer, more settled weather.

Front 8

Clockwise/Counterclockwise Pressure Systems

Back 8

High Pressure-Clockwise
Low Pressure-Counterclockwise

Front 9

Fronts (warm and cold)?

Back 9

WARM Front: defined as a leading edge of an advancing mass of warm air, it seperates the warm air from the colder air ahead.
COLD front: Defined as the leading edge of a cooler mass of air, replacing a warmer mass of air at ground level.

Front 10

Chip river field trip/Meridian. Impact of turbidity:

Back 10

1. Negatively impacts spawning beds
2. Negatively impacts the river by less light, less photosynthesis, less oxegyn in the river.
3. Kills fish out

Front 11

RIFFLES

Back 11

Turbulance in water coming over rocks.

Front 12

Why are riffles important for stream health?

Back 12

Stretches water, increases surface area, allows for more oxygen.

Front 13

Why are wetlands important?

Back 13

1. Creates Wildlife
2. Control pollution
3. Flood control

Front 14

Opposite bank is about what % vegetated?

Back 14

25%

Front 15

The potential for erosion of the vegetation area is

Back 15

Great

Front 16

The river bottom (chip river) appears to mainly consist of

Back 16

Pebbles and Gravel

Front 17

In order for this type of deposit to occur here (Chip river) river velocity must be:

Back 17

Moderate

Front 18

We Just climbed the bluff. The vertical gain in elevation is around:

Back 18

20 ft

Front 19

At one time, the level of the Chip river was:

With:

And Chippewa River gained ----?-----Energy to erode in it's bed.

This resulted in the river....?

Back 19

Higher

With: A DECREASE IN BASE LEVEL

This resulted in the river ERODING

And: the Chippewa River gained MORE energy to erode in it's bed.

Front 20

As an oxbow lake fills with sediment, submergent and EMERGENT vegetation forms, the lake becomes an OXBOW SWAMP

Back 20

submergent and EMERGENT vegetation forms, the lake becomes an OXBOW SWAMP

Front 21

As more sediment fills the lake, it eventually fills in entirely and becomes a ?

Back 21

Meander Scar. A meander scar would be visible when flying over by a plane.

Front 22

River Erosion: A river can cut into it's bed in 3 ways...
SOLUTION!

Back 22

1. SOLUTION: The river actually dissolves it's own bed, like your saliva dissolves a candy bar. Material is weathered and becomes dissolved within the water. Solution is sometimes colored, mostly common in rivers, material dissolved in the water column takes on a transport or clear appearance.

Front 23

River Erosion: A river can cut into it's bed in 3 ways...
ABRAISION

Back 23

2. ABRAISION: Scraping, Scratching, and Grinding. Action by sediment moving along the bottom of the river.

Front 24

River Erosion: A river can cut into it's bed in 3 ways...
HYDRAULIC FORCE

Back 24

3. HYDRAULIC FORCE: The weight or force of the water, particulary at the outside of the meander, exerts weight or force capable of dislodging sediment.

Front 25

RIVER TRANSPORT: A river carries material in several ways:

Back 25

1. Bed Load-Rolling
2. Suspension-(Dispersed, dissolved, and bouncing.) throughout the water column, often causing water to become turbid.
3. Solution: Ions that are dissolved within the water column.

Front 26

River Depositon. Velocity Deposition Relationships.
*When rivers are moving very quickly, ----?-----tend to fall out of suspension.
When rivers are moving very slow, or not at all...---?----

Back 26

A. Gravels
B. Sands

Front 27

1. Two lines of evidence that erosion is occuring at the cut bank:

2. 2 Observations that deposition is occurring at the point bar:

Back 27

1. The cut bank has more mature vegetation, and the water level fluctuates.

2. Rolls sand, gravel and small stones across the floor of the stream and up the shallow sloping floor of the point bar.

Evidence of a mature stream.

Front 28

When canoeing velocity will be:

Back 28

GREATER and the water will be SHALLOWER.

Front 29

Mission Creek Woodland Field Trip:
distribution of the soil on the Upslope/downslope of the tree:

Back 29

I would say this process is most responsible for:
SURFACE WATER ERODING THE UPSLOPE SIDE OF THE TREE AND SEDIMENT STARVATION.

Front 30

1.What is the elevation of the Ann Arbor railroad immediately East of our position?

2. What is the elevation of the contour line at the end of #1?

Back 30

1. 745 ft.

2. 785 ft.

Front 31

Quaking Leaf?

Back 31

The aspen leaf moves faster because flat quakes and the stem structure.

Front 32

CLIMAX FOREST:
I would describe the understory, the area between the ground surface and the top canopy as relatively...

Back 32

Open!

Front 33

Climax Forest:
I would desribe the canopy of this forest as being:

Back 33

Dense, allowing little light to the ground surface in the Summer.

Front 34

Climax Forest:
Given this condition, I would expect saplings and shrubs to:

Back 34

Green out first in the spring to get a good start on photosynthesis.

Front 35

From Field Trip:
Common tree's are Sumac, big and small tooth aspen, and hawthorn.


SUCCESSION FOREST:

*I would describe the understory, the area between the ground surface and the top canopy as being relatively:

Back 35

Densely populate by underlying shrubs and saplings.

Front 36

What evidence exists that this forest is less mature than the climax forest we previously visited?

Back 36

There is more sunshine hitting the surface.

Front 37

Filed Trip/Lowland Forest.
Fact: The predominant tree's species of this lowland forests of Arbor Vitae, Ash, and Basswood.
*I would expect the water table to be:

Back 37

Close to the surface here

Front 38

LOWLAND FOREST:
As a result (to water table), I would expect trees to have:

Back 38

Deep roots but roots that are spread out.

Front 39

How did the Arbor Vitae save the lives of explorers and deer?

Back 39

When Columbus and "his crew" drew near, they were dieing from Scurvey, and they made tea out of the leaves of the Arbor Vitae (meaning tree of life), which gave them Vitamin C and saved their lives.

Front 40

LOWLAND FOREST:
The river bottom here appeared to mainly consist of:

Back 40

Muck and weeds

Front 41

LOWLAND FORESTS:
In order for this type of deposit to occur here river velocity must be:

Back 41

Slow

Front 42

LOWLAND FORESTS: Water quality of Mission Creek is poor. High turbidity is due to subdivison construction and farming further upstream. How do these activites contribute to turbidity?

Back 42

A) Unprotected soil eroded into the creek
B) Oil Spills
C) Fertilizer contribution to algae blooms.
D) All of the above.

ANSWER: D

Front 43

Meanders?

Back 43

Instability-river was powerful.

Front 44

Current Temperature outside?

Back 44

61

Front 45

Wind speed?

Back 45

5 mph

Front 46

Wind direction?

Back 46

W

Front 47

How many degrees above the horizon is the sun today?

Back 47

50?

Front 48

High or low pressure?

Back 48

High

Front 49

Baro-pressure?

Back 49

29.7

Front 50

Depwoint

Back 50

40 degrees

Front 51

Relative humidity:

Back 51

46%

Front 52

Kinds of trees learned:

Back 52

Douglas Fir
White Pine
Colorado Spruce
Larch
Australian Pine
Scotch Pine